汽车ABS控制策略仿真研究与动态性能试验台开发

发布时间：2018-11-09 14:08

【摘要】：随着社会经济与科技的发展,人们对于汽车行驶安全性能的要求越来越高。防抱死制动系统(Anti-lock Braking System,ABS)作为汽车主动安全系统中的代表性装置,在改善汽车制动性能以及提高汽车行驶安全性上发挥着重要作用。因此,ABS在汽车领域得到了快速发展与广泛应用。对于ABS工作性能的检测和评价,一般采用的是道路试验的方法。但是汽车实际道路试验有时需要汽车在高速行驶状态下进行,驾驶员如果操作不当,容易发生危险。对于汽车ABS的教学与培训,道路试验方法也存在着不直观的问题。针对以上的问题,本文开发了一台能够满足汽车ABS检测、开发、教学及培训等方面需求的汽车ABS动态性能试验台。本文首先对汽车ABS的理论基础、基本结构及工作原理进行了深入分析,并对汽车ABS控制策略进行了重点研究与分析。经过前期的调研与理论分析,在建立了汽车ABS数学模型的基础上,基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了汽车ABS仿真模型,包括1/4车辆模型、轮胎模型、制动器模型和控制器模型等,并进行了仿真试验,得到了仿真结果与仿真曲线。基于实际需求对汽车ABS动态性能试验台进行了整体架构的构建。试验台硬件部分的设计主要包括了动力传动系统、电气控制系统、故障诊断面板等。对于试验台硬件部分中的主要部件包括电机、数据采集卡等的选型进行了介绍与分析。以虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW作为开发工具,设计了汽车ABS动态性能试验台上位机软件。上位机软件系统主要包括数据采集与分析系统、制动距离测量系统以及故障设置系统。设计的汽车ABS动态性能试验台主要解决了以下问题:(1)可以实现ABS的制动模拟,通过制动过程中车轮与摩擦毂的相对运动状态,直观观察ABS的工作过程;(2)可以实时动态采集制动过程中车轮速度与加减速度、汽车车速与加减速度、滑移率的变化,以及制动距离;(3)可以无线控制故障设置板上的继电器吸合,从而实现模拟电路中的断路、短路、虚接等故障。本文最后基于开发的汽车ABS动态性能试验台进行了试验,得到了试验结果及试验曲线,与仿真试验得到的仿真结果、仿真曲线相比较基本一致,验证了本课题的汽车ABS动态性能试验台可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and science and technology, the requirement of vehicle safety performance is higher and higher. Anti-lock braking system (Anti-lock Braking System,ABS), as the representative device of automobile active safety system, plays an important role in improving vehicle braking performance and improving vehicle driving safety. Therefore, ABS has been rapidly developed and widely used in automobile field. The method of road test is generally used to test and evaluate the working performance of ABS. However, the actual road test sometimes needs the vehicle to run at high speed. If the driver is not operated properly, it is easy to happen danger. For the teaching and training of automobile ABS, the road test method is not intuitive. In view of the above problems, this paper develops a ABS dynamic performance test rig which can meet the needs of automobile ABS detection, development, teaching and training. In this paper, the theoretical foundation, basic structure and working principle of automobile ABS are analyzed deeply, and the control strategy of automobile ABS is studied and analyzed emphatically. After previous investigation and theoretical analysis, based on the mathematical model of automobile ABS, the simulation model of automobile ABS is established based on MATLAB/Simulink, including 1 / 4 vehicle model, tire model, brake model and controller model, etc. The simulation results and the simulation curves are obtained. Based on the actual requirements, the overall structure of the vehicle ABS dynamic performance test bench is constructed. The hardware design includes power transmission system, electrical control system, fault diagnosis panel and so on. This paper introduces and analyzes the selection of the main components in the hardware part of the test-bed, including the motor, the data acquisition card and so on. With the virtual instrument software LabVIEW as the development tool, the host computer software of automobile ABS dynamic performance test bench is designed. The software system includes data acquisition and analysis system, braking distance measuring system and fault setting system. The main problems are as follows: (1) the braking simulation of ABS can be realized. Through the relative motion state of wheel and friction hub during braking, the working process of ABS can be observed intuitively; (2) it can dynamically collect the wheel speed and speed, vehicle speed and speed, the change of slip ratio and braking distance in the braking process; (3) the relay on the board of wireless control fault can be sucked in, which can realize the fault of open circuit, short circuit and virtual connection in analog circuit. At the end of this paper, the test results and the test curves are obtained based on the vehicle ABS dynamic performance test rig, which is basically consistent with the simulation results obtained from the simulation tests. The feasibility of the vehicle ABS dynamic performance test rig is verified.
【学位授予单位】：天津职业技术师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.52

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