宽转速车载发电机PWM整流技术研究
发布时间：2019-01-21 07:35
【摘要】：随着消防、通信、反恐等的需求增加以及电力电子技术的发展,越来越多的电气设备被安装在特种车辆上。于是对车载发电系统提出了更高的要求,研发出一种能够提高发电机利用率,增大发电机功率密度的控制器非常具有意义。本文从功率因数角度出发,采用一种三相六开关PWM整流器拓扑,旨在提高现有发电机功率因数和解决变转速的稳压问题。本文首先介绍了PWM整流器的工作原理,并推导了其在不同坐标系下的数学模型。依据PWM整流器在d-q坐标系下的数学模型,给出了一种较为常见的前馈解耦双闭环控制方法,电压前馈能够抑制输入电压的干扰,电流解耦控制能够实现d-q轴相互独立控制。其次介绍了PWM整流器在车载发电机中的应用方案,由于发电机电枢电势不可测,于是着重介绍了滑模变结构观测器理论,并介绍了其构造方法和滤波方法。滑模观测器能够通过发电机端电压和电流观测出发电机电枢电势,鲁棒性和精度均较好。接着,依据前面的理论分析,对整个发电机PWM整流系统进行了软硬件设计,以Altera公司的FPGA芯片为控制核心,设计了主电路系统、驱动电路、采样电路和通信电路等。软件方面介绍了主要模块的设计思路和流程,设计了包括主程序、滑模观测器、PI程序、SVPWM、保护程序和上位机程序等。最后,设计了一台样机,并在搭建的实验平台上进行了多项实验,实验的波形和数据验证本文采用的方案可行性,达到了预期的目的。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of fire fighting, communication, counterterrorism and the development of power electronics, more and more electrical equipments are installed on special vehicles. Therefore, a higher demand is put forward to the on-board power generation system. It is very meaningful to develop a controller that can improve the utilization rate of generators and increase the power density of generators. In this paper, a three-phase six-switch PWM rectifier topology is adopted from the point of view of power factor, which aims to improve the power factor of existing generators and to solve the problem of variable speed voltage stabilization. This paper first introduces the working principle of PWM rectifier and deduces its mathematical model in different coordinate systems. Based on the mathematical model of PWM rectifier in d-q coordinate system, a common feedforward decoupling double closed loop control method is presented. Voltage feedforward can suppress the interference of input voltage. Current decoupling control can realize d-Q axis independent control. Secondly, the application scheme of PWM rectifier in on-board generator is introduced. Because the armature potential of generator can not be measured, the theory of sliding mode variable structure observer is introduced emphatically, and the construction method and filtering method are also introduced. The sliding mode observer can measure the armature potential of the generator through the generator terminal voltage and current, and has good robustness and accuracy. Then, according to the previous theoretical analysis, the hardware and software of the whole generator PWM rectifier system are designed. The main circuit system, driving circuit, sampling circuit and communication circuit are designed with the FPGA chip of Altera Company as the control core. In the aspect of software, the design idea and flow chart of the main module are introduced, including the main program, sliding mode observer, PI program, SVPWM, protection program and upper computer program. Finally, a prototype is designed, and a number of experiments are carried out on the platform. The waveform and data of the experiment verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and achieve the desired purpose.
【学位授予单位】：中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.631
本文编号：2412444
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of fire fighting, communication, counterterrorism and the development of power electronics, more and more electrical equipments are installed on special vehicles. Therefore, a higher demand is put forward to the on-board power generation system. It is very meaningful to develop a controller that can improve the utilization rate of generators and increase the power density of generators. In this paper, a three-phase six-switch PWM rectifier topology is adopted from the point of view of power factor, which aims to improve the power factor of existing generators and to solve the problem of variable speed voltage stabilization. This paper first introduces the working principle of PWM rectifier and deduces its mathematical model in different coordinate systems. Based on the mathematical model of PWM rectifier in d-q coordinate system, a common feedforward decoupling double closed loop control method is presented. Voltage feedforward can suppress the interference of input voltage. Current decoupling control can realize d-Q axis independent control. Secondly, the application scheme of PWM rectifier in on-board generator is introduced. Because the armature potential of generator can not be measured, the theory of sliding mode variable structure observer is introduced emphatically, and the construction method and filtering method are also introduced. The sliding mode observer can measure the armature potential of the generator through the generator terminal voltage and current, and has good robustness and accuracy. Then, according to the previous theoretical analysis, the hardware and software of the whole generator PWM rectifier system are designed. The main circuit system, driving circuit, sampling circuit and communication circuit are designed with the FPGA chip of Altera Company as the control core. In the aspect of software, the design idea and flow chart of the main module are introduced, including the main program, sliding mode observer, PI program, SVPWM, protection program and upper computer program. Finally, a prototype is designed, and a number of experiments are carried out on the platform. The waveform and data of the experiment verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and achieve the desired purpose.
【学位授予单位】：中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.631
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