馈能型半主动悬架控制及储能系统的设计与试验研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 23:53

【摘要】：馈能型半主动悬架能耗低,结构简单,易于实现,既可提升车辆的动力学性能,又可将部分车身的振动能量转化为电能,是研究的热点之一。在传统悬架基础上并联单个直线电机,构建馈能型半主动悬架系统,设计包含DC_DC变换器的半主动悬架控制回路,可进行Buck和Boost两种工作模式的切换,实时调节开关信号的占空比,实现电机绕组电流对参考电流的跟踪控制,得到理想电机电磁阻尼力的输出,达到馈能型悬架半主动控制的目的。将超级电容作为过渡储能装置,与半主动控制回路的输出端相连,经超级电容模式切换电路及稳压充电电路将超级电容中的电能最终储存至车用电池中。论文的主要研究内容如下:首先,设计了系统的总体方案,基于天棚加地棚的半主动控制策略搭建了悬架单轮模型,在MATLAB中对系统的馈能特性进行了仿真分析,完成了储能装置的初步选型。分析了系统的阻尼特性和半主动控制回路的工作特性,得到了馈能型悬架半主动控制回路工作模式切换规律。第二,分析了硬件电路的架构,简要叙述了控制系统数据处理单元dSPACE的硬件配置及软件功能。完成了半主动控制及储能系统硬件电路的设计,主要包含:半主动控制回路中电感及电路主体的设计,芯片的选型及拓展电路的设计;超级电容模式切换电路主体的设计及开关管的选型分析;稳压充电电路的设计及原理解析。第三,将DC_DC变换器应用于悬架系统,仿真分析了超级电容初始端电压对悬架系统馈能效率、动力学性能的影响机理,提出了一种针对馈能型半主动悬架系统的超级电容模式切换的控制策略。仿真结果表明:超级电容模式切换控制策略对悬架的动力学性能无影响,但系统能量回收的效率平均提高了18%。第四,针对半主动控制回路中电流的控制,设计了一种模糊-PI混合控制器,并基于dSPACE进行了试验验证,试验结果表明:该控制器能够实现电路中实际电流对参考电流的精确跟踪。最后,在单通道试验台上,针对正弦激励和随机激励两种输入,研究了系统的被动馈能特性。将DC_DC变换器应用于悬架系统,分析了超级电容初始端电压对悬架系统的影响,结果表明,随着超级电容初始端电压的增加悬架的动力学性能无明显变化,超级电容回收能量呈先增大后减小的趋势。
[Abstract]:Energy-fed semi-active suspension has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple structure and easy realization. It can not only improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle, but also convert the vibration energy of part of the body into electric energy. It is one of the research hotspots. Based on the traditional suspension, a single linear motor is parallel, the energy-fed semi-active suspension system is constructed, and the semi-active suspension control loop including DC_DC converter is designed, which can switch between Buck and Boost. The duty cycle of switch signal is adjusted in real time, the tracking control of motor winding current to reference current is realized, and the output of ideal motor electromagnetic damping force is obtained, so as to achieve the purpose of semi-active control of energy-fed suspension. The supercapacitor is used as the transition energy storage device, which is connected to the output of the semi-active control loop. The electric energy in the supercapacitor is finally stored in the vehicle battery through the supercapacitor mode switching circuit and the voltage stabilized charging circuit. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the overall scheme of the system is designed, and the suspension single-wheel model is built based on the semi-active control strategy of ceiling and shed, and the energy feed characteristics of the system are simulated and analyzed in MATLAB. The preliminary selection of energy storage device is completed. The damping characteristics of the system and the working characteristics of the semi-active control loop are analyzed, and the working mode switching law of the semi-active control loop of the energy-fed suspension is obtained. Secondly, the architecture of the hardware circuit is analyzed, and the hardware configuration and software function of the data processing unit dSPACE of the control system are briefly described. The hardware circuit design of semi-active control and energy storage system is completed, including: the design of inductance and circuit main body in semi-active control loop, the selection of chip and the design of extended circuit; The design of the main body of the supercapacitor mode switching circuit and the type selection analysis of the switch tube; the design and principle analysis of the voltage stabilized charging circuit. Thirdly, the DC_DC converter is applied to the suspension system, and the influence mechanism of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor on the energy feed efficiency and dynamic performance of the suspension system is simulated and analyzed. A control strategy for supercapacitor mode switching for energy-fed semi-active suspension systems is proposed. The simulation results show that the supercapacitor mode switching control strategy has no effect on the dynamic performance of the suspension, but the energy recovery efficiency of the system is increased by 18% on average. Fourth, a fuzzy-PI hybrid controller is designed for the current control in the semi-active control loop, and the experimental verification is carried out based on dSPACE. The experimental results show that the controller can accurately track the reference current in the circuit. Finally, the passive energy feeding characteristics of the system are studied on a single-channel test-bed for sinusoidal excitation and random excitation. The DC_DC converter is applied to the suspension system, and the influence of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor on the suspension system is analyzed. the results show that the dynamic performance of the suspension does not change obviously with the increase of the initial terminal voltage of the supercapacitor. The energy recovery of supercapacitor increases at first and then decreases.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.33

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