基于TDOA的煤矿定位仿真系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-17 00:39

本文选题：定位 + 信号到达时间差定位技术　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国煤矿条件差、管理人员安全意识比较淡薄,如果缺乏井下人员车辆的定位信息会带来诸多不便与隐患。因此,煤矿井下人员定位的必要性日趋显著。本人所在实习单位做的正是井下定位系统(其属于室内定位的范畴),旨在对煤矿井下人、车、物高精度实时定位,为煤矿日常管理、人员/车辆调度、抢险救灾提供依据,所用的无线定位技术就是信号到达时间差定位技术(TDOA)。实习单位现有定位系统存在一些需要解决的问题:一是TDOA技术所用的基站群需要选取一个主基站,将主基站的本地时间作为全局时间,但是不用人工指定而自然形成主基站的算法不够完善;二是TDOA技术中估算时间偏差的方式只有线性插值一种,需要补充其他的估算方法;三是无法获得定位系统中时间偏移估算的误差。为了解决上述问题,需要利用matlab实现煤矿定位仿真系统,完善自然形成主基站的算法,在仿真系统中实现多种估算时间偏移方式并比较它们的误差。本文描述了该系统从需求分析到测试的流程:首先通过基于用户角度的用例分析,确定了仿真系统的功能需求;然后设计并实现了主基站选取模块、主从基站时间同步模块、时间偏移估算模块和定位计算模块;最后对四个模块进行了测试。仿真系统运行良好,已经通过测试,并分析了时间偏移估算的误差。时间偏移估算模块添加了卡尔曼滤波以及闭环反馈控制估算方法,解决了原有系统估算时间偏差方式单一的问题。主基站选取模块中通过结合PageRank改进了不用人工指定而自然选出主基站的算法。
[Abstract]:The condition of coal mine in our country is poor, and the safety consciousness of managers is relatively weak. If the location information of underground personnel and vehicles is lacking, it will bring many inconvenience and hidden trouble.Therefore, the necessity of personnel positioning in coal mine is becoming more and more obvious.What I am working in is a downhole positioning system (which belongs to the category of indoor positioning, which aims to locate people, vehicles and objects in coal mines with high precision in real time, and to provide the basis for daily management, personnel / vehicle dispatching, emergency and disaster relief, etc.The wireless location technology used is the time difference of arrival (TDOAA) technology.There are some problems that need to be solved in the existing positioning system of the internship unit. One is that the base station group used in TDOA technology needs to select a master base station and take the local time of the main base station as the global time.However, the algorithm of forming the main base station naturally without manual assignment is not perfect. Second, linear interpolation is the only way to estimate the time deviation in TDOA technology, which needs to supplement other estimation methods.Third, the error of time offset estimation in the positioning system can not be obtained.In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to use matlab to realize the coal mine positioning simulation system, perfect the algorithm of natural formation of the main base station, realize a variety of estimation time offset methods and compare their errors in the simulation system.This paper describes the flow of the system from requirement analysis to test: firstly, the functional requirements of the simulation system are determined by the use case analysis based on the user's perspective, and then the main base station selection module, the master-slave base station time synchronization module, is designed and implemented.Time offset estimation module and location calculation module; finally, four modules are tested.The simulation system has been tested and the error of time offset estimation has been analyzed.In the time offset estimation module, Kalman filter and closed-loop feedback control method are added to solve the problem of single time deviation in the original system.In the selection module of the main base station, the algorithm of selecting the main base station naturally without manual assignment is improved by combining with PageRank.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD76;TP391.9

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