基于波前编码的光学成像系统像差钝化技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 21:55

本文选题：波前编码 + 光学像差　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：光学成像系统设计目标是获取更为真实的景物信息,高品质成像系统可将景物清晰地成像于共轭像面,物点在像面弥散满足于光电探测器参数要求。然而,光学成像系统设计受光学像差限制,性能优越的系统设计势必增加系统的复杂程度,也将降低光学成像系统的可靠性。基于此,本文开展了基于波前编码的像差钝化技术研究,并将像差钝化技术应用于典型像差光学系统,以期能为现代光学系统设计开辟新径,也为波前编码技术的发展做出一定的贡献。本文的主要研究内容为:研究了波前编码系统对初级像差的钝化作用。分别开展了对初级球差、初级像散和初级彗差的像差钝化研究,基于稳相法,给出了含离轴像差的波前编码系统光学传递函数(OTF)的表达式,研究了不同边界条件下对离轴像差的钝化特性;基于光线像差理论,获取了含球差的波前编码系统光线像差分布,依据光线像差分布,对球差钝化特性进行了研究。在几种像差特性条件下,验证了波前编码系统对初级像差的钝化作用。基于波前编码像差钝化理论,开展了共形整流罩目标视场非对称光学像差钝化技术研究。研究了共形整流罩像差特性,并对共形整流罩传统校正方法进行了分析。利用固定校正器实现了共形整流罩像差的初始校正,并对剩余像差进行了分析。在共形整流罩像差初步平滑的基础上,以规格化三次相位掩膜板为例,对其参数优化后进行了共形整流罩剩余像差平滑。在空间域和空间频域研究了波前编码对共形整流罩像差钝化特性,并通过图像仿真方法对结果进行了验证。以长径比为1.5的共形整流罩,工作波段为3.7-4.8μm,目标视场为±30°的共形光学系统为设计实例,验证了波前编码技术对共形整流罩随目标视场产生的非对称像差的钝化作用。开展了波前编码对光学系统随视场变化的光学像差钝化技术研究。利用光线像差理论,研究了单透镜随视场变化的轴外像差特性。基于波前编码技术,并以两片式红外光学系统为例,进行了随视场变化的像差特性分析及像差钝化系统设计。研究了球面两片式结构光学系统的像差分布,并在空间域和空间频域对其成像性能进行了评价。基于波前编码像差钝化理论,设计并优化了用于视场像差钝化的最优化相位掩膜板轮廓,对钝化后的系统像差特性进行了分析。分别对全视场为10°和14°的两片式红外光学系统进行了像差钝化,在钝化特性分析的基础上,以0°视场点扩散函数(PSF)作为退化模型,通过图像仿真方法证明了波前编码技术对视场像差的钝化作用。
[Abstract]:The design goal of optical imaging system is to obtain more real scene information. The high quality imaging system can clearly image the scene on the conjugate image plane, and the dispersion of object points on the image surface can meet the requirements of photodetector parameters. However, the design of optical imaging system is limited by optical aberration. The system design with superior performance will increase the complexity of the system and reduce the reliability of the optical imaging system. In this paper, the aberration passivation technology based on wavefront coding is studied, and the aberration passivation technique is applied to typical aberration optical system, which can open up a new path for the design of modern optical system. It also contributes to the development of wave-front coding technology. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the passive effect of wavefront coding system on primary aberration is studied. The aberration passivation of primary spherical aberration, primary astigmatism and primary coma is studied respectively. Based on the stationary phase method, the expression of optical transfer function (OTFF) of wavefront coding system with off-axis aberration is given. The passivation characteristics of off-axis aberration under different boundary conditions are studied. Based on ray aberration theory, the aberration distribution of wavefront coding system with spherical aberration is obtained, and the passivation characteristics of spherical aberration are studied according to the aberration distribution. Under several aberration characteristics, the passivation effect of the wavefront coding system on the primary aberration is verified. Based on the wavefront coded aberration passivation theory, the asymmetric optical aberration technique for conformal fairing is studied. The aberration characteristics of conformal fairing are studied, and the traditional correction methods of conformal fairing are analyzed. The initial correction of conformal fairing aberration is realized by using a fixed corrector, and the residual aberration is analyzed. Based on the preliminary smoothing of conformal fairing aberration, the residual aberration smoothing of conformal fairing mask is carried out after the optimization of its parameters, taking the cubic phase mask as an example. The aberration passivation characteristics of wavefront coding for conformal fairing are studied in spatial domain and spatial frequency domain, and the results are verified by image simulation. A conformal optical system with a working band of 3.7-4.8 渭 m and a target field of 卤30 掳is used as an example to verify the passivation effect of the wavefront coding technique on the asymmetric aberration of the conformal fairing caused by the target field of view. The optical aberration passivation technique of optical system with field of view is studied. Based on the theory of ray aberration, the axial aberration characteristics of a single lens with the variation of the field of view are studied. Based on the wave-front coding technique and taking the two-chip infrared optical system as an example, the aberration characteristics and aberration passivation system design with the variation of the field of view are analyzed. The aberration distribution of spherical two-chip optical system is studied and its imaging performance is evaluated in spatial domain and spatial frequency domain. Based on the wavefront coded aberration passivation theory, the optimal profile of phase mask plate for field of view aberration passivation is designed and optimized. The aberration characteristics of the passivated system are analyzed. Two pieces of infrared optical systems with full field of view of 10 掳and 14 掳were passivated by aberration. Based on the analysis of passivation characteristics, the 0 掳field of view point diffusion function (PSF) was used as the degenerate model. The effect of wavefront coding on field aberration is proved by image simulation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41

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