噪声信道下量子隐形传态关键问题及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 12:52

本文选题：量子隐形传态 + 免疫噪声模型　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：信息安全是推动信息化发展的前提条件,密码系统是信息安全的基础。传统基于复杂计算的经典密码算法在后摩尔时代的量子计算等超强新技术下破解变得更加容易,甚至“不堪一击”。而量子隐形传态利用量子不可分割、状态不可克隆、探测瞬间坍塌的特性,依据量子相干叠加和量子纠缠等理论,对量子态测量及粒子坍塌态计算,并通过幺正变换等操作来重建未知量子态信息,保证了信息传输的绝对安全,在大尺度量子计算、远距离量子通信和量子计算网络中发挥着至关重要的作用,已成为世界各国学术、军事和信息技术行业都研究的热点。本文针对噪声下量子退相干的不断增长,光子的多自由度特性在量子物理体系中呈现出的非定域、非经典的强关联性,动摇了量子隐形传态协议中的单一自由度独立性假设,导致现有量子隐形传态信道难以在有限资源与纠缠死亡的矛盾下提供令系统满意服务的痛点问题,提出更加接近实际环境的鲁棒量子隐形传态协议。所取得的主要研究成果如下:1.高保真纠缠量子隐形传态信道框架构建首先针对在量子隐形传态过程中出现“纠缠死亡”问题和量子退相干现象,通过分析空间上相互独立的两个原子系统纠缠随时间演化过程,研究原子和腔场初始纠缠度与腔场的初始纠缠度的关系,刻画了“纠缠死亡”免疫模型。并通过分析T-C模型和J-C模型中退相干因子出现的振幅震荡现象,刻画了量子退相干纠缠演化模型。其次针对不同噪声特性,设计了基于密度矩阵的免疫噪声模型和基于DFS的联合噪声免疫模型,且分析了不同角色下的最佳量子比特效率。最后针对信道容量因纠缠死亡导致低下的问题,设计了基于图态基树图和森林图的信道容量编码,分析了相干性信息和信道容量,有效计算了噪声信量容量的逼近值和噪声容限,从而得到了不同噪声信道和共同局域噪声下可传输量子信息的区域。2.不同信道中Bell态和任意态的量子信息分离针对在不同信道或者同一信道中传输粒子少且计算复杂等问题,创新性的提出了利用不同的量子信道来进行Bell态和任意态的量子信息分离方案。首先利用四粒子纠缠态作为量子信道进行两粒子Bell态的量子信息分离,实现了传递Bell态信息的量子分离过程;其次利用五粒子纠缠态分离任意单粒子和两粒子态的量子信息分离;最后利用不同的量子信道即利用四粒子团簇态和两粒子Bell态、四粒子团簇态和GHZ态分离任意三粒子态的量子信息分离过程。通过利用不同的量子信道分离任意的三粒子态,执行不同的测量操作来实现高效率的量子信息分离过程,并且对于量子信息分离的过程在腔量子电动力学中进行了物理实现。3.免疫噪声的多自由度量子隐形传态协议针对单自由度下的量子隐形传态成本高、效率低等问题,创新性的提出了一种新的免疫噪声的可控多自由度量子隐形传态协议。首先通过分析引导自旋—轨道角动量来调整多自由度需求强度在时间、空间、频率上的分布特征,实现了量子在多自由度下高亮度纠缠源的制备。其次刻画了自旋—轨道角动量和超Bell态之间的转换关系,进行了超Bell态的测量和超密编码,达到了在各自角动量的约束下满足超Bell态测量的多重需求目标。最后设计了可控的量子隐形传态身份认证模型,实现了在独立不同噪声中和局域共同噪声下的鲁棒量子隐形传态,并对协议的保真度和平均保真度效率进行分析,提高了测量效率和安全性。4.噪声信道下容错的量子隐形传态协议应用针对量子隐形传态在实用化方面的瓶颈问题,设计了免疫噪声的量子对话和连续变量的量子密钥分发两种典型应用。首先提出了基于诱骗态和隐写来检测对话双方身份是否有误和对话信道是否安全的对话机制,构造了单光子、广义纠缠态,将对话双方事先共享的身份识别码转换为对联合噪声免疫的逻辑量子态,随机地混杂隐写在信息序列中传送,既进行身份认证又进行窃听检测。其次提出了连续变量的确定性量子密钥分发协议,主要是发送者通过公共信道传递预先确定的密钥给信息接收者。最后经过安全性和性能验证,提出的两种量子隐形传态应用都具有高的鲁棒性和效率,在噪声下更具潜力和容错性。综上,本文围绕噪声下的量子隐形传态关键问题及其应用展开了研究,研究成果为该领域提供了新的解决思路,丰富了量子通信理论,为进一步推动实用化量子隐形传态技术开辟了新的应用领域。
[Abstract]:Information security is the precondition for promoting the development of information. Cryptographic systems are the basis of information security. Classical cryptographic algorithms based on complex computing have become easier and even "vulnerable" under the superstrong new technologies of quantum computing in the post Moorish era. Quantum implicit transmission is inseparable from the state, and the state is inseparable. On the basis of quantum coherent superposition and quantum entanglement, quantum state measurement and particle collapse state are calculated by quantum coherent superposition and quantum entanglement. The information of unknown quantum state is reconstructed by unitary transformation and so on. The absolute security of information transmission is guaranteed, and the quantum computation, long distance quantum communication and quantum computing network play a role. The important role has become a hot spot in the academic, military and information technology industries all over the world. In this paper, the quantum decoherence of quantum decoherence under noise is increasing. The non locality and non classical strong correlation of the multi degree of freedom of photon in the quantum physical system have shaken the single self in the quantum teleportation protocol. Due to the degree independence hypothesis, the existing quantum teleportation channel is difficult to provide the pain point problem of the system satisfying service under the contradiction of the limited resources and entanglement death, and proposes a robust quantum teleportation protocol which is closer to the actual environment. The main achievements are as follows: 1. high fidelity entangled quantum teleportation channel framework First, the problem of entanglement death and quantum decoherence occur in the process of quantum teleportation, and the relationship between the initial entanglement degree of the atom and the cavity field and the initial entanglement of the cavity field is studied by analyzing the time evolution process of the entanglement of two independent atomic systems in space, and the "entangled death" immune model is depicted. By analyzing the amplitude oscillations of the decoherence factor in the T-C model and the J-C model, the quantum decoherence entanglement evolution model is depicted. Secondly, the immune noise model based on the density matrix and the joint noise immunity model based on the DFS are designed for different noise characteristics, and the best qubit efficiency under different roles is analyzed. In the end, the channel capacity coding based on the graph base tree and the forest map is designed to solve the problem that the channel capacity is caused by the entanglement death. The coherence information and the channel capacity are analyzed. The approximate value and the noise tolerance of the noise capacity are calculated effectively, and the transmission quantum of the different noise channels and common local noise is obtained. The separation of quantum information from Bell States and arbitrary states in different channels of information in.2. channels is an innovative solution to the quantum information separation scheme for Bell States and arbitrary states by using different quantum channels. First, the four particle entanglement state is used as the amount of quantum information. The subchannel separates the quantum information of the two particle Bell state, realizes the quantum separation process of transmitting the Bell state information, and then separates the quantum information from the arbitrary single particle and the two particle state by the five particle entangled state; finally, using the different quantum channels, the four particle cluster state and the two particle Bell state, the four particle cluster state and the GHZ state are used. The separation process of quantum information is separated from any three particle state. By separating arbitrary three particle states by using different quantum channels, different measurement operations are performed to realize the efficient quantum information separation process. And the process of quantum information separation is carried out in the cavity quantum electrodynamics (qqd) for the physical realization of the.3. immune noise. According to the high cost and low efficiency of quantum teleportation under single degree of freedom, the quantum stealth protocol proposed a new controllable multi degree of freedom quantum teleportation protocol. First, the demand intensity of multi degree of freedom is adjusted by analyzing the spin orbit angular momentum to adjust the demand intensity in time, space and frequency. It realizes the preparation of quantum entanglement source with high brightness under multi degree of freedom. Secondly, the transformation relation between spin orbit angular momentum and super Bell state is depicted. The measurement and super dense encoding of super Bell state are carried out, and the multiple demand targets are satisfied under the constraints of their respective angular momentum. Finally, the controllability is designed. The quantum teleportation identity authentication model realizes robust quantum teleportation in independent noise and local common noise, and analyzes the fidelity of the protocol and the average fidelity efficiency. The measurement efficiency and security of the.4. noise channel are improved by the quantum stealth transmission protocol for quantum teleportation. Two typical applications of the quantum dialogue of immune noise and the quantum key distribution of continuous variables are designed. First, a dialogue mechanism is proposed to detect whether the identity of the two sides is mistaken and whether the dialogue channel is safe, based on the decoy state and the implicit writing, and constructs the single photon, the generalized entanglement state, and the two sides of the dialogue. The prior shared identity code is converted into a logical quantum state of the combined noise immunity, which is randomly mixed and hidden in the information sequence, both authentication and eavesdropping detection. Secondly, a deterministic quantum key distribution protocol for continuous variables is proposed, which is mainly the transmitter to pass the predetermined key through the public channel. In the end, two kinds of quantum teleportation applications, which have high robustness and efficiency, are more potential and fault-tolerant in noise. In this paper, the key problems and applications of quantum stealth transmission under noise are studied in this paper. The research results provide a new solution to this field. The idea enriches quantum communication theory and opens up a new application field for further promoting practical quantum teleportation technology.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP309

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