汽车卡簧自动检测分选系统的研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 10:54

本文选题：汽车卡簧 + 视觉检测　；参考：《天津大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：卡簧属于紧固件的一种,供装在轴槽或孔槽中,起着阻止轴上或孔上的零件轴向运动的作用。作为一种量大面广的基础机械零件,它几乎覆盖国民经济的各个领域。由于使用环境、场合、功能各异,卡簧的形状和大小差别悬殊,品种繁杂。应用在汽车领域的汽车卡簧,是一种产量大又需要逐片检测的精细化工业产品。其内径、开口尺寸等关键参数,对轴承等轴上零件的紧固效果有着重要的影响。但是,目前仍以人工检测为主。人工检测的方式存在着精度差、效率低等问题,与卡簧的快速加工生产高度不匹配。另外,由于一对一装配的需求,采用人工方式实现打包计数不仅对操作工的视力有一定程度的不良影响,而且还将会引入极大的人为误差。综上所述,急需一种自动化检测设备弥补这方面的空白。本课题来源于长城汽车指定供货商委托研发的汽车卡簧自动检测分选机项目。本课题旨在研发一种能应用于工业现场对卡簧关键尺寸进行评价进而保证质量的自动化设备。虽然此前没有任何院所尝试这方面的研究,但以课题组和目前一些已用于工业现场的成功先例为参考,可以得到很多启发。在这样的背景下,本文的主要工作如下:1.研制新型汽车卡簧全自动检测分选仪,确定总体方案。提出了由供料环节、检测环节、传动环节和分选环节四部分组成的分选系统。供料部分设计为三个电磁振动给料器,分别为储料器、圆形振动给料器、直线振动给料器,彼此串联构成三级接力送料,解决了卡簧储存、整序、钩挂及上料的问题。对几何特征具有一定特殊性的小尺寸薄型汽车卡簧,其内径、开口尺寸和环宽等关键几何尺寸,提出了基于光学镜头和单相机的二维数字图像算法的检测方案。在传动机构中,本设计提出了一种具有原创新颖性、一定通用性的视觉测量仪用多工位工作台。配合特殊的气动驱动系统,很好地解决了包括检测精度、效率、多规格在内的设计要求。对高速喷射气流的工件响应特性进行了实验分析,并对其在分选装置的应用进行了总结。2.完成分选仪控制系统设计。由于在机械结构及其驱动方式设计时,优化控制对象的控制方式,极大地降低了系统复杂度。所以采用数据采集卡作为工控机和执行元件的通信接口。设计了接口驱动电路解决数据采集卡的驱动能力的问题。设计了电气控制板,提供各种电气元件所需的环境。3.进行精度评定实验和综合参数评定实验,评估系统的各项指标。根据实验数据分析了影响测量精度的各种因素。4.开展了基于FPGA技术的数字图像采集系统的研究。为加速图像算法和后续分选设备的简洁化、嵌入式化、高性价比等目标提出了解决方案。设计基于FPGA的图像采集系统验证其在汽车卡簧全自动检测仪中应用的可行性。并对此方法中的关键技术进行了介绍,为进一步使其应用与汽车卡簧自动检测仪奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:A type of fastener for mounting in a shaft slot or a hole groove to prevent the axial movement of parts on the shaft or hole. As a kind of basic mechanical parts with large quantity and wide range, it covers almost every field of national economy. Due to the use of the environment, occasions, different functions, the shape and size of the spring vary greatly, variety is complicated. The automobile card spring applied in automobile field is a fine industrial product with large output and need to be examined piece by piece. The key parameters, such as inner diameter and opening size, have an important effect on the fastening effect of bearing parts on the same axis. However, at present, manual testing is still the main. The method of manual detection has some problems, such as low precision and low efficiency, which does not match the height of rapid processing of clip spring. In addition due to the demand of one-to-one assembly the manual implementation of packing counting not only has a certain degree of adverse effects on the visual acuity of operators but also will introduce a great human error. To sum up, an automatic testing equipment is urgently needed to fill the gap in this respect. This subject comes from the automatic detection and sorting machine project of car card spring commissioned by the Great Wall automobile designated supplier. The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic equipment which can be used in industrial field to evaluate the key dimensions of clip spring and ensure the quality. Although no institute has tried to do this before, reference to the team and some successful precedents that have been used in the industrial field has a lot of inspiration. In this context, the main work of this paper is as follows: 1. A new type of automatic detecting and sorting instrument for automobile card spring has been developed, and the overall scheme has been determined. A separation system is proposed, which consists of four parts: feeding link, testing link, transmission link and sorting link. The feeding part is designed as three electromagnetic vibration feeders, one is a storage device, the other is a circular vibrating feeder and a linear vibrating feeder, which in series constitutes a three-stage relay feed, which solves the problems of clasp spring storage, sequencing, hook hanging and feeding. For the small size thin car clip spring which has some special geometric characteristics, the key geometric dimensions, such as inner diameter, opening size and ring width, are discussed. The detection scheme of two-dimensional digital image algorithm based on optical lens and single camera is proposed. In the transmission mechanism, this paper presents a kind of multi-station workbench with original novelty and generality. With special pneumatic drive system, the design requirements including detection accuracy, efficiency and multi-specification are well solved. The characteristics of workpiece response of high speed jet flow are analyzed experimentally, and its application in sorting device is summarized. Complete the design of the control system of the sorter. The system complexity is greatly reduced by optimizing the control mode of the control object in the design of mechanical structure and drive mode. So the data acquisition card is used as the communication interface between the industrial control computer and the executive component. The interface drive circuit is designed to solve the problem of the driving ability of the data acquisition card. Designed electrical control panel to provide a variety of electrical components required by the environment. 3. The precision evaluation experiment and the comprehensive parameter evaluation experiment are carried out to evaluate the indexes of the system. Based on the experimental data, various factors affecting the measurement accuracy are analyzed. The research of digital image acquisition system based on FPGA technology is carried out. In order to accelerate the succinct, embedded and high cost performance of image algorithm and subsequent sorting equipment, a solution is proposed. An image acquisition system based on FPGA is designed to verify the feasibility of its application in auto card spring automatic detector. The key technology of this method is introduced, which lays a foundation for its further application and automatic detecting instrument of automobile spring.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U468.2;TP391.41

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