射频识别定位系统的研究与实现
发布时间：2018-07-21 20:44
【摘要】：射频识别定位系统具有安全性高、成本低、灵活性强的特点,在室内定位追踪领域中有着极其重要的研究意义。其在军事、商业领域的位置感知应用也具有较大实用价值。本文研究了基于人员实时跟踪监控应用的室内定位系统,针对特殊的项目需求设计了硬件、实现了定位算法和上位机软件、给出了硬件和算法的性能参数。主要内容如下:(1)研制了具有位置绑定功能的可穿戴RFID定位设备。针对追踪过程中确保RFID定位设备和佩戴人员位置一致的需求,提出通过测量心率和内置防摘金属导电回路腕带双重结合的方式防止设备脱落或被人为摘卸。针对功耗敏感性问题,选用超低功耗元件、在硬件原理设计上对电流消耗进行计算和分析,规避高功耗、缩减冗余部件,基于三轴加速度传感器获取手臂姿态控制液晶供电。针对便携性需求,选择小封装元件、缩减PCB面积、采用3D打印技术,完成了可穿戴式定位卡。开发了通信协议和驱动软件。(2)研究实现了虚拟参考标签指纹定位算法和上位机软件。该算法采用模式匹配的思想,分两个阶段实现定位。离线阶段在定位区域中按距离均分的位置点处采集定位卡发送给多个定位基站的RSSI(Received SignalStrength Indicator,接收信号强度),以RSSI向量作为“位置指纹”,形成指纹数据库。在线阶段把实时接收的定位卡RSSI向量与指纹数据库进行匹配并选择相似位置点,然后采用加权求和的方法估算位置。用来构建指纹数据库的位置点为虚拟参考标签所在的位置点。系统测试结果表明,可穿戴定位卡的无线通信距离可达250米;在开启实时心率监测及无线通信功能的条件下续航时间可达62h,较未使用本文低功耗技术的RFID定位卡和心率手表分别延长44%、244%;心率的测量误差为±3次/分钟,可实现100%脱摘检测;定位精度以70%的概率低于3.5m,与基于测距的定位算法相比,精度和稳定性分别提高了38%和51%;系统的平均时延为3秒。所开发的系统达到了设计指标。
[Abstract]:RFID positioning system has the characteristics of high security, low cost and strong flexibility. It is of great significance in the field of indoor positioning and tracking. The application of position perception in military and commercial fields is also of great practical value. In this paper, the indoor positioning system based on real time personnel tracking and monitoring is studied. The hardware is designed to meet the special requirements of the project, the location algorithm and the upper computer software are realized, and the performance parameters of the hardware and algorithm are given. The main contents are as follows: (1) A wearable RFID positioning device with location-binding function is developed. In order to meet the need to ensure the same position of RFID locator and wearer in the tracking process, a dual combination of measuring heart rate and built-in metal conductive circuit wrist band is proposed to prevent the device from falling off or being taken off artificially. Aiming at the problem of power sensitivity, the ultra-low power component is used to calculate and analyze the current consumption in the design of hardware principle, to avoid high power consumption, to reduce redundant components, and to obtain the liquid crystal power supply of arm attitude control based on three-axis acceleration sensor. To meet the requirement of portability, the wearable positioning card is realized by selecting small package components, reducing PCB area and adopting 3D printing technology. The communication protocol and driver software are developed. (2) Virtual reference label fingerprint location algorithm and host computer software are studied. The algorithm adopts the idea of pattern matching and realizes localization in two stages. In the off-line stage, the RSSI (received signal strength Indicator) is collected and sent to multiple base stations according to the location points of the average distance in the location region. The RSSI vector is used as the "position fingerprint" to form the fingerprint database. In the online stage, the RSSI vector of the real-time received location card is matched with the fingerprint database and the similar location points are selected, and then the weighted summation method is used to estimate the location. The location point used to construct the fingerprint database is the location point where the virtual reference tag is located. The system test results show that the wireless communication distance of wearable positioning card can reach 250 meters. Under the condition that the real-time heart rate monitoring and wireless communication function are turned on, the duration can reach 62 hours, compared with the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch which do not use the low power technology in this paper, the distance between the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch is 44% 2444.The measuring error of heart rate is 卤3 times per minute, and the detection of 100% removal can be realized. Compared with the location algorithm based on ranging, the accuracy and stability are increased by 38% and 51% respectively, and the average delay of the system is 3 seconds. The system has reached the design target.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.44
本文编号：2136803
[Abstract]:RFID positioning system has the characteristics of high security, low cost and strong flexibility. It is of great significance in the field of indoor positioning and tracking. The application of position perception in military and commercial fields is also of great practical value. In this paper, the indoor positioning system based on real time personnel tracking and monitoring is studied. The hardware is designed to meet the special requirements of the project, the location algorithm and the upper computer software are realized, and the performance parameters of the hardware and algorithm are given. The main contents are as follows: (1) A wearable RFID positioning device with location-binding function is developed. In order to meet the need to ensure the same position of RFID locator and wearer in the tracking process, a dual combination of measuring heart rate and built-in metal conductive circuit wrist band is proposed to prevent the device from falling off or being taken off artificially. Aiming at the problem of power sensitivity, the ultra-low power component is used to calculate and analyze the current consumption in the design of hardware principle, to avoid high power consumption, to reduce redundant components, and to obtain the liquid crystal power supply of arm attitude control based on three-axis acceleration sensor. To meet the requirement of portability, the wearable positioning card is realized by selecting small package components, reducing PCB area and adopting 3D printing technology. The communication protocol and driver software are developed. (2) Virtual reference label fingerprint location algorithm and host computer software are studied. The algorithm adopts the idea of pattern matching and realizes localization in two stages. In the off-line stage, the RSSI (received signal strength Indicator) is collected and sent to multiple base stations according to the location points of the average distance in the location region. The RSSI vector is used as the "position fingerprint" to form the fingerprint database. In the online stage, the RSSI vector of the real-time received location card is matched with the fingerprint database and the similar location points are selected, and then the weighted summation method is used to estimate the location. The location point used to construct the fingerprint database is the location point where the virtual reference tag is located. The system test results show that the wireless communication distance of wearable positioning card can reach 250 meters. Under the condition that the real-time heart rate monitoring and wireless communication function are turned on, the duration can reach 62 hours, compared with the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch which do not use the low power technology in this paper, the distance between the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch is 44% 2444.The measuring error of heart rate is 卤3 times per minute, and the detection of 100% removal can be realized. Compared with the location algorithm based on ranging, the accuracy and stability are increased by 38% and 51% respectively, and the average delay of the system is 3 seconds. The system has reached the design target.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.44
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