3D打印在医学领域的应用进展

发布时间：2018-08-05 13:05

【摘要】：三维(3D)打印出现于20世纪90年代,最初应用于模具制造、工业设计等领域。随着打印材料的研发和控制技术的完善,其应用越来越广泛。相较于传统制造技术,3D打印在小批次、设计复杂的物件制造上具有成本和效率优势,这也使得3D打印技术在医学领域中拥有极佳的应用前景。本文简述了3D打印技术的相关概念并综述了3D打印技术在医学领域中四个方面的应用:辅助外科手术,如打印3D模型辅助医生进行术前规划,打印手术导板等;打印个性化医疗器械,如打印助听器、义肢、义齿、新型给药系统和个性化内植入物等;应用于组织工程,如打印组织工程支架以及生物3D打印技术等;应用于医学教育和基础科研,如打印3D模型用于临床教学或者解剖教学,打印3D实体模型用于生物力学研究以及3D打印人工组织器官用于药物测试和肿瘤研究等。最后总结了现有3D打印技术的不足之处,并对其在医学领域的发展前景做出展望。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional (3 D) printing appeared in the 1990 s and was initially used in mold manufacturing, industrial design and other fields. With the development of printing materials and the improvement of control technology, its application is more and more extensive. Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing has the advantages of cost and efficiency in small batch design and complex design, which makes 3D printing technology have an excellent application prospect in medical field. This paper briefly introduces the related concepts of 3D printing technology and summarizes the application of 3D printing technology in the field of medicine: assistant surgery, such as printing 3D model to assist doctors in preoperative planning, printing surgical guide plate, etc. Printing personalized medical devices, such as printing hearing aids, prostheses, dentures, new drug delivery systems and personalized implants, etc., used in tissue engineering, such as printing tissue engineering scaffolds and biological 3D printing technology, etc. It is used in medical education and basic scientific research, such as printing 3D model for clinical teaching or anatomy teaching, printing 3D solid model for biomechanical research, 3D printing artificial tissue and organ for drug testing and tumor research, etc. Finally, the shortcomings of the existing 3D printing technology are summarized, and the prospect of its development in the field of medicine is prospected.
【作者单位】：南方医科大学基础医学院解剖教研室;
【基金】：广东省科技重大专项(2015B010125005) 广州市科技计划项目(2014J4100153) 中国南方智谷引进创新团队项目(2015CXTD05)
【分类号】：R319;TP391.73

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