异步电动机参数自整定算法研究及软件开发

发布时间：2018-08-24 08:18

【摘要】：矢量控制凭借理想的调速性能广泛应用于交流拖动领域。通过坐标变换将异步电机在三相静止坐标系下强耦合、非线性的动态数学模型变换到按转子磁场定向的两相正交同步旋转坐标系中,可以得到与他励直流电动机类似的数学模型。要实现转矩和磁链的完全解耦必须准确观测转子磁链,转子磁链的电压观测模型和电流观测模型的精度在很大程度上取决于模型中电机参数的准确性,因此电机参数的精确已知是矢量控制实现高性能调速的关键。随着电机老化,电机参数会偏离出厂参数,并且温度、电流频率和磁路饱和也会使电机参数发生变化,因此,异步电动机的参数辨识一直都是交流调速的重要研究课题。本文研究了异步电机参数自检测算法,即在无需人工参与的情况下,控制器根据算法给电机施加电压信号,利用自身硬件资源采集电流响应并存储,然后根据电压电流计算电机参数。本文简述了引起电机参数变化的因素,并根据异步电机的矢量控制原理,从理论上分析了异步电机参数变化对系统调速性能的影响。然后基于异步电机的反Γ型等效电路,提出了一种电机参数自辨识算法,该算法可以在保持电机静止条件下辨识得到电机的定子电阻、转子电阻、总漏感、互感以及激磁曲线。分别从理论推导和软件实现方面对辨识算法进行了全面论述,并对辨识过程中可能出现的故障进行分析。最后,以一台0.37Kw的电机作为实验对象,采用C语言在以TMS320F28035为主控芯片的控制平台上编程实现辨识算法,并将辨识得到的参数应用到间接矢量控制中。经验证,使用该算法辨识得到的参数可以满足调速系统的要求。
[Abstract]:Vector control is widely used in AC drive field by virtue of its ideal speed regulation performance. Through coordinate transformation, the nonlinear dynamic mathematical model of asynchronous motor in three-phase static coordinate system is transformed into a two-phase quadrature synchronous rotating coordinate system oriented by rotor magnetic field. A mathematical model similar to that of a shunt DC motor can be obtained. In order to realize the complete decoupling of the torque and flux, the rotor flux must be accurately observed. The accuracy of the rotor flux voltage observation model and the current observation model depends to a great extent on the accuracy of the motor parameters in the model. Therefore, the accurate knowledge of motor parameters is the key of vector control to achieve high performance speed regulation. With the aging of the motor, the parameters of the motor will deviate from the parameters of the factory, and the temperature, current frequency and magnetic circuit saturation will also change the parameters of the motor. Therefore, the parameter identification of asynchronous motor is always an important research topic of AC speed regulation. In this paper, the self-detection algorithm of asynchronous motor parameters is studied. In the case of no manual participation, the controller applies voltage signals to the motor according to the algorithm, collects the current response and stores it with its own hardware resources. Then the motor parameters are calculated according to the voltage and current. This paper briefly introduces the factors that cause the change of motor parameters, and according to the vector control principle of asynchronous motor, theoretically analyzes the influence of the parameter change of asynchronous motor on the speed regulation performance of the system. Then, based on the inverse 螕 type equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, a self-identification algorithm for motor parameters is proposed. The algorithm can identify the stator resistance, rotor resistance, total leakage inductance, mutual inductance and excitation curve of the motor under the condition of keeping the motor static. The identification algorithm is discussed from the aspects of theoretical derivation and software implementation, and the possible faults in the identification process are analyzed. Finally, a 0.37Kw motor is taken as the experimental object. C language is used to realize the identification algorithm on the control platform with TMS320F28035 as the main control chip, and the identified parameters are applied to the indirect vector control. It is verified that the parameters identified by this algorithm can meet the requirements of the speed regulation system.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM343;TP311.52

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