基于GIS的城市生态网络和通风廊道的研究
发布时间：2018-08-30 14:44
【摘要】：随着城市化进程的深入,城市生态环境越来越恶劣,如城市绿地面积不断减少,水资源受到污染,空气质量急剧下降等。城市规划中对于生态的考虑大都只从增加景观面积出发,很少从生态网络和城市通风廊道等系统观点出发,导致景观破碎化严重,斑块之间连接度和城市通透性差,严重威胁城市生态。在全面分析国内外相关研究的基础上,本文以天津市作为研究对象,城市土地分为林地、水域、农田/园地、建成区四类,然后对土地分类图进行景观水平和斑块类型水平上的计算。同时,选取了纬度和自然环境和天津市很类似且生态环境很好的索菲亚市作为对比样本。结果表明,天津市农田/园地斑块资源优势较为明显,而林地和水域斑块的破碎化问题较严重,斑块之间连接度较差。为完善天津市的生态系统,以林地和水域作为生态源点,基于最小成本距离模型构建了城市生态网络,并以基本网络模型为依据,改造、优化构建的生态网络,得出了3种不同结构的生态网络,找到了天津市生态系统的基本框架,提出了修建廊道,增加源点,脚踏石等改善天津市生态系统的技术手段。研究将最小距离模型概念应用到城市通风廊道的构建上,提出了城市风阻系数公式,建立了基于最小距离模型的城市通风廊道构建方法,并以某一小区为例,利用CFD模拟结果进行对比,发现利用最小距离模型构建通风廊道具有较好的准确性,提高了城市通风廊道的构建速度。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of urbanization, the urban ecological environment is getting worse and worse, such as the decreasing of urban green space area, the pollution of water resources, the sharp decline of air quality, and so on. Most of the ecological considerations in urban planning are based on increasing the landscape area, but rarely on the view of ecological networks and urban ventilation corridors, which leads to the serious fragmentation of landscape, the poor connectivity between patches and the poor urban permeability. It is a serious threat to urban ecology. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of related research at home and abroad, this paper takes Tianjin as the research object. The urban land is divided into four categories: forest land, water area, farmland / garden land, and built-up area. Then the landscape level and patch type level of the land classification map are calculated. At the same time, Sofia, which is similar in latitude and natural environment to Tianjin and has good ecological environment, is selected as the contrast sample. The results showed that the dominance of patch resources in farmland / garden was obvious in Tianjin, but the fragmentation of patches in forest land and water area was more serious, and the connectivity between patches was poor. In order to perfect the ecological system of Tianjin, the urban ecological network was constructed based on the minimum cost distance model, and the ecological network was reconstructed and optimized based on the basic network model. Three kinds of ecological networks with different structures are obtained, the basic frame of Tianjin ecosystem is found, and the technical means of improving Tianjin ecosystem are put forward, such as building corridors, increasing source points and stepping stone. In this paper, the concept of minimum distance model is applied to the construction of urban ventilation corridor, the formula of urban wind resistance coefficient is proposed, and the method of constructing urban ventilation corridor based on minimum distance model is established. By comparing the results of CFD simulation, it is found that the minimum distance model has good accuracy and improves the construction speed of urban ventilation corridors.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU984;X321;P208
[Abstract]:With the deepening of urbanization, the urban ecological environment is getting worse and worse, such as the decreasing of urban green space area, the pollution of water resources, the sharp decline of air quality, and so on. Most of the ecological considerations in urban planning are based on increasing the landscape area, but rarely on the view of ecological networks and urban ventilation corridors, which leads to the serious fragmentation of landscape, the poor connectivity between patches and the poor urban permeability. It is a serious threat to urban ecology. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of related research at home and abroad, this paper takes Tianjin as the research object. The urban land is divided into four categories: forest land, water area, farmland / garden land, and built-up area. Then the landscape level and patch type level of the land classification map are calculated. At the same time, Sofia, which is similar in latitude and natural environment to Tianjin and has good ecological environment, is selected as the contrast sample. The results showed that the dominance of patch resources in farmland / garden was obvious in Tianjin, but the fragmentation of patches in forest land and water area was more serious, and the connectivity between patches was poor. In order to perfect the ecological system of Tianjin, the urban ecological network was constructed based on the minimum cost distance model, and the ecological network was reconstructed and optimized based on the basic network model. Three kinds of ecological networks with different structures are obtained, the basic frame of Tianjin ecosystem is found, and the technical means of improving Tianjin ecosystem are put forward, such as building corridors, increasing source points and stepping stone. In this paper, the concept of minimum distance model is applied to the construction of urban ventilation corridor, the formula of urban wind resistance coefficient is proposed, and the method of constructing urban ventilation corridor based on minimum distance model is established. By comparing the results of CFD simulation, it is found that the minimum distance model has good accuracy and improves the construction speed of urban ventilation corridors.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU984;X321;P208
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前9条
1 闫维;李洪远;蔡U，
本文编号：2213387
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/ruanjiangongchenglunwen/2213387.html
