基于UML活动图的测试用例生成方法的研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 20:02

【摘要】：随着软件市场对产品质量要求的不断提高,软件测试的重要性也受到了广泛的关注。然而传统的软件测试方法基于人工操作,效率低下且成本高昂,已无法满足规模庞大的复杂软件的测试要求。为了提高测试效率,降低测试成本,对传统测试方法的优化研究显得尤为重要。近年来,随着软件工程的快速发展,UML应用已贯穿于整个软件开发过程,基于UML模型的软件测试也成为了一种新兴的测试方法,并作为软件测试自动化研究的理论依据。本文以研究UML活动图为基础,旨在针对大型交互系统的共有特征,结合模型测试技术的核心理念,重点研究了基于UML活动图的测试用例设计与生成方法。论文首先阐述了与课题相关的理论技术,包括软件测试、基于模型的测试技术以及UML的发展与内容。其次,着重分析了UML动态模型的可测试性与测试策略,通过对比分析各模型在指导测试方面的优缺点,进而指出活动图模型是描述系统行为的最佳模型,也是研究基于模型的自动化测试技术的重要理论依据。然后,本文结合活动图的形式化定义及测试覆盖准则,提出基于活动图的测试用例生成策略。该策略给出了基于UML活动图的测试用例生成框架,并围绕测试场景和测试数据生成两方面展开详细的研究和讨论。在测试场景生成方面,针对UML活动图的并发特性,首先对活动图的并发模块加以识别和压缩,依据覆盖准则生成初步的测试场景;然后采用改进后的实例化算法,动态引入约束条件,对并发模块内的活动进行排序,生成完整的测试场景。在测试数据生成方面,引入测试剖面的概念,并在传统轮转法的基础上加以优化,提出一种覆盖率更高的测试数据组合方法。最后,本文结合具体的案例分析,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性,并基于研究成果给出了测试用例生成系统的分析与设计。重点介绍了该系统的功能模块划分和类图设计,并给出关键算法,为测试用例生成系统提供了可靠的实现方案,提高了自动化测试的可行性和完备性。
[Abstract]:With the development of software market, the importance of software testing has been paid more and more attention. However, the traditional software testing method is based on manual operation, which is inefficient and costly, so it can not meet the test requirements of complex software on a large scale. In order to improve test efficiency and reduce test cost, it is very important to optimize traditional test methods. In recent years, with the rapid development of software engineering, the application of UML has been running through the whole software development process. Software testing based on UML model has become a new testing method, and it is the theoretical basis of software test automation research. Based on the study of UML activity diagrams, this paper focuses on the design and generation of test cases based on UML activity diagrams, aiming at the common characteristics of large-scale interactive systems and the core idea of model testing technology. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory and technology related to the subject, including software testing, model-based testing, and the development and content of UML. Secondly, the testability and test strategy of UML dynamic model are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model in guiding test are compared, and the activity diagram model is the best model to describe the behavior of the system. It is also an important theoretical basis for the research of model-based automated testing technology. Then, based on the formal definition of activity diagram and test coverage criterion, a test case generation strategy based on activity diagram is proposed. The strategy gives a test case generation framework based on UML activity diagram and discusses the test scenario and test data generation in detail. In the aspect of test scene generation, aiming at the concurrency characteristic of UML activity diagram, the concurrency module of activity diagram is first identified and compressed, and the preliminary test scenario is generated according to the coverage criterion, and then the improved instantiation algorithm is adopted. Dynamic constraint conditions are introduced to sort the activities in concurrent modules, and a complete test scenario is generated. In the aspect of test data generation, the concept of test section is introduced and optimized on the basis of traditional rotation method, and a test data combination method with higher coverage is proposed. Finally, this paper verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the method, and gives the analysis and design of the test case generation system based on the research results. The function module partition and class diagram design of the system are introduced emphatically, and the key algorithms are given, which provide a reliable implementation scheme for the test case generation system, and improve the feasibility and completeness of the automated test.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP311.53

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