基于施工图的城市居住区三维建模方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 21:11

【摘要】：作为城市的基本生活单元,城市居住区从规划、建设到建成管理,一般作为相对独立的管理区域,内部多种功能系统协调运作,对外有明确的界线以及交换接口,是城市空间中典型的地理单元,也是三维数字城市建模中的基本空间单元之一。然而,目前在三维数字城市建设及相关的研究中,对于宏观尺度的三维城市研究及微观尺度的三维建筑物研究都已经得到广泛开展,针对中小尺度的三维城市居住区建模方面的研究却明显不足。城市居住区的地理实体种类分化更细,功能相对明确,具有系统性的特征,其数据模型与城市数据模型有一定的差异。居住区要表达的人工地形较多,微观地形较为复杂,这是大范围城市模型难以细节表示的,而微观地理实体模型更是缺乏对多种地理实体模型边界表达。因此,城市居住区数据模型设计和微观地形表达是居住区三维建模的重要内容。此外,在三维数据获取方面,当前研究应用所采用的主要方法是基于现实对象采样进而构建三维模型,如现场测绘、激光雷达、摄影测量等诸多方法,但是对含有丰富三维信息的施工图的研究利用还远远不够。本文针对目前城市居住区尺度下三维研究匮乏的现状,以城市居住区三维信息建模为研究对象,以施工图为三维数据获取来源,开展基于施工图的居住区三维建模方法研究,主要的研究内容及成果:1、城市居住区概念模型构建从居住区用地、地理实体和功能系统三个方面对居住区构成要素进行归纳和分析,并充分挖掘居住区地理实体所包含的语义、几何、关系、属性等几方面的信息,构建顾及语义与关系特征的城市居住区概念模型。2、基于施工图的居住区构成要素信息提取方法研究分析了居住区施工图图纸的内容和信息表达特征,提出了针对居住区地理实体、用地和系统三个方面要素的自动化信息提取方法,探索了居住区施工图原始数据、地理实体数据、用地数据和功能系统数据的存储方法。3、基于施工图的居住区建模方法研究根据居住区人工地表微地形“不变”、“渐变”与“突变”三种特征和地形要素在图纸上的表达方式,提出了基于地形单元划分的居住区地形三维建模方法。此外,针对建筑物、道路、公共环境设施、植物、水体等地理实体的不同特征,分别采用不同方法构建三维模型,并以用地单元为边界,实现了不同地块上地理实体的集成三维建模,以及不同功能系统的集成三维建模,最终实现居住区整体三维建模。通过实证研究表明,本文提出的城市居住区数据模型能够有效支持居住区三维建模;提出的基于施工图数据的信息提取方法能够在少量人工辅助下有效挖掘平面图纸数据上的语义、几何、定位、关系、属性信息,实现地理实体的识别与信息提取;基于施工图的城市居住区三维建模方法和建模结果能够满足在居住区尺度上的模型可视化和模型应用需求,具有一定的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:As the basic living unit of a city, urban residential area is generally regarded as a relatively independent management area from planning, construction to construction management. The internal multi-functional system operates in harmony with clear boundaries and exchange interfaces. It is a typical geographical unit in urban space and one of the basic spatial units in 3D digital city modeling. However, in the current three-dimensional digital city construction and related research, for macro-scale three-dimensional city research and micro-scale three-dimensional building research have been widely carried out, for small and medium-scale three-dimensional urban residential area modeling research is obviously inadequate. Residential area has more artificial terrain and more complicated micro-terrain, which is difficult to be expressed in detail by large-scale urban model, and micro-geographic entity model is lack of boundary representation for a variety of geographic entity models. In addition, in the aspect of 3D data acquisition, the main method of current research and application is to build 3D models based on real object sampling, such as on-site mapping, lidar, photogrammetry and many other methods, but for contains plenty of. The research and utilization of 3D information-rich construction drawings is far from enough. In view of the current situation of the lack of 3D research in urban residential areas, this paper takes the 3D information modeling of urban residential areas as the research object, takes the construction drawings as the three-dimensional data acquisition source, and carries out the research of 3D modeling method of residential areas based on the construction drawings. And the results are as follows: 1. The conceptual model of urban residential area is constructed by inducting and analyzing the elements of residential area from three aspects: land use, geographical entity and functional system, and fully mining the information of semantics, geometry, relation and attribute contained in the geographical entity of residential area, so as to construct urban residential area taking into account the characteristics of semantics and relationship. Conceptual model.2. Based on the method of extracting information of residential construction drawings, the content and information expression characteristics of residential construction drawings are studied and analyzed. The automatic information extraction method of residential construction drawings from three aspects of geographic entity, land use and system is proposed. The original data and geographic entity number of residential construction drawings are explored. According to the storage method of land use data and functional system data. 3. Based on the construction drawing, the residential area modeling method is studied. According to the three characteristics of artificial surface micro-topography and the expression of terrain elements on the drawings, the terrain modeling method based on the division of terrain units is proposed. In addition, according to the different characteristics of buildings, roads, public environmental facilities, plants, water bodies and other geographical entities, different methods are used to construct three-dimensional models, and land use units are used as the boundary to realize the integrated three-dimensional modeling of geographical entities on different plots, as well as the integrated three-dimensional modeling of different functional systems. The empirical research shows that the urban residential area data model proposed in this paper can effectively support the residential area three-dimensional modeling; the information extraction method based on the construction drawing data can effectively mine the semantic, geometric, positioning, relationship and attribute information of the plane drawing data with a small amount of manual assistance, and realize the geographic entity. Recognition and information extraction; 3D modeling methods and results based on construction drawings of urban residential areas can meet the needs of model visualization and model application on residential area scale, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU984.12;P208

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