基于GIS的公交大数据可视化分析应用
发布时间：2018-10-08 16:49
【摘要】：为了解决当前大城市出现的交通拥堵问题,公共交通的建设发展应该摆在重要位置。在优先发展公交的过程中,全面、准确的对已有公交数据进行管理和挖掘分析,可以为公交规划以及线网优化提供参考。智能交通技术的不断成熟和发展促使城市交通领域产生大量数据,可视化技术在分析和利用交通大数据,发现交通问题以及辅助决策方面起到明显的作用,成为智能交通领域一项新热点,对数据处理和计算统计后将结果进行有效的可视化表达,并结合人的视觉感知达到分析的效果。本文以北京市为例,结合GIS空间分析方法对北京市公交线路和站点等矢量数据以及IC卡记录进行处理,并运用地图可视化方法对处理后的公交数据可视化展示,本文主要研究内容有:1.从公交大数据、空间数据挖掘、空间分析、数据可视化四个方面,研究了公交数据可视化分析应用实现所涉及的相关理论技术,通过对大数据处理架构的研究确定了本文研究的步骤即数据准备、可视化预处理(信息挖掘)、可视化实现;然后研究了数据处理和分析阶段需要用到的数据挖掘和空间分析的知识;最后对数据可视化进行介绍,阐述了几种可视化方法的应用特点。2.针对公交数据中属性数据的特点设计数据表格对原数据进行存储,在此基础上根据需求进行可视化预处理。提出基于道路的公交线路分布并设计了公交线路与主干路网的匹配,得到线路和道路在空间位置上的定量关系;设计并实现了客流信息挖掘的流程,包括上下车站点线路方向的判断和乘客换乘行为的识别从而方便后续的客流统计分析;利用已有的站点和线路等数据对北京市公交便捷性现状进行评价,使用ArcGIS软件的空间分析能力计算出各个区域的便捷性评价指标值。3.设计了可视化应用系统的总体架构,利用开源的图表库D3.js和地图库leaflet.js、Cesium等HTML技术以北京公交数据为例进行可视化分析。针对不同数据的特点设计合适的可视化方法,实现了公交便捷性指标、区域出行统计、线路分布和站点客流的可视化分析以及历史客流数据的统计功能,分析结果可以促进公交数据的有效利用,辅助相关部门的决策。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of traffic congestion in large cities, the construction and development of public transport should be placed in an important position. In the process of giving priority to the development of public transport, comprehensive and accurate management and mining analysis of the existing public transport data can provide a reference for bus planning and network optimization. The continuous maturity and development of intelligent transportation technology promote the production of a large amount of data in the field of urban transportation. Visualization technology plays an obvious role in analyzing and utilizing traffic big data, finding traffic problems and assisting decision-making. It has become a new hot spot in the field of intelligent transportation. After data processing and statistical calculation, the results can be visualized and analyzed in combination with human visual perception. In this paper, taking Beijing as an example, the vector data and IC card records of bus routes and stations in Beijing are processed with GIS spatial analysis method, and the visualization method of map is used to visualize the processed public transport data. The main content of this paper is: 1. From four aspects of big data, spatial data mining, spatial analysis and data visualization, this paper studies the related theory and technology involved in the application of bus data visualization analysis. Through the study of big data processing structure, the steps of this paper are data preparation, visual preprocessing (information mining) and visualization realization. Then it studies the knowledge of data mining and spatial analysis in data processing and analysis stage, and finally introduces the data visualization, and expounds the application characteristics of several visualization methods. According to the characteristics of attribute data in bus data, the data table is designed to store the original data, and based on this, the visual preprocessing is carried out according to the demand. The paper puts forward the distribution of public transportation line based on road and designs the matching between bus line and trunk road network, obtains the quantitative relation of route and road in space position, designs and realizes the flow chart of passenger flow information mining. Including the determination of route direction and the identification of passenger transfer behavior at the bus stop, so as to facilitate the subsequent statistical analysis of passenger flow; using existing data such as stations and routes to evaluate the status quo of public transport convenience in Beijing. Use the spatial analysis ability of ArcGIS software to calculate the convenience evaluation index value of each region. 3. The overall framework of visual application system is designed, and the visual analysis of Beijing bus data is carried out by using HTML technology such as open source chart library D3.js and map library leaflet.js,Cesium. According to the characteristics of different data, a suitable visualization method is designed to achieve the functions of public transport convenience index, regional travel statistics, line distribution and station passenger flow visualization analysis, and historical passenger flow data statistics. The analysis results can promote the effective use of public transport data and assist the decision of relevant departments.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495;P208
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of traffic congestion in large cities, the construction and development of public transport should be placed in an important position. In the process of giving priority to the development of public transport, comprehensive and accurate management and mining analysis of the existing public transport data can provide a reference for bus planning and network optimization. The continuous maturity and development of intelligent transportation technology promote the production of a large amount of data in the field of urban transportation. Visualization technology plays an obvious role in analyzing and utilizing traffic big data, finding traffic problems and assisting decision-making. It has become a new hot spot in the field of intelligent transportation. After data processing and statistical calculation, the results can be visualized and analyzed in combination with human visual perception. In this paper, taking Beijing as an example, the vector data and IC card records of bus routes and stations in Beijing are processed with GIS spatial analysis method, and the visualization method of map is used to visualize the processed public transport data. The main content of this paper is: 1. From four aspects of big data, spatial data mining, spatial analysis and data visualization, this paper studies the related theory and technology involved in the application of bus data visualization analysis. Through the study of big data processing structure, the steps of this paper are data preparation, visual preprocessing (information mining) and visualization realization. Then it studies the knowledge of data mining and spatial analysis in data processing and analysis stage, and finally introduces the data visualization, and expounds the application characteristics of several visualization methods. According to the characteristics of attribute data in bus data, the data table is designed to store the original data, and based on this, the visual preprocessing is carried out according to the demand. The paper puts forward the distribution of public transportation line based on road and designs the matching between bus line and trunk road network, obtains the quantitative relation of route and road in space position, designs and realizes the flow chart of passenger flow information mining. Including the determination of route direction and the identification of passenger transfer behavior at the bus stop, so as to facilitate the subsequent statistical analysis of passenger flow; using existing data such as stations and routes to evaluate the status quo of public transport convenience in Beijing. Use the spatial analysis ability of ArcGIS software to calculate the convenience evaluation index value of each region. 3. The overall framework of visual application system is designed, and the visual analysis of Beijing bus data is carried out by using HTML technology such as open source chart library D3.js and map library leaflet.js,Cesium. According to the characteristics of different data, a suitable visualization method is designed to achieve the functions of public transport convenience index, regional travel statistics, line distribution and station passenger flow visualization analysis, and historical passenger flow data statistics. The analysis results can promote the effective use of public transport data and assist the decision of relevant departments.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495;P208
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 任磊;杜一;马帅;张小龙;戴国忠;;大数据可视分析综述[J];软件学报;2014年09期
2 费贤举;王树锋;王文;;一种海量大数据云存储系统框架设计[J];常州工学院学报;2014年03期
3 ;大数据时代:智能交通系统发展面临机遇与挑战[J];科技传播;2014年03期
4 何泓;刘鑫W，
本文编号：2257520
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/ruanjiangongchenglunwen/2257520.html
