微服务通信框架的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-23 16:47

【摘要】：随着软件技术的发展,以及系统应用规模的不断扩大,软件架构从简单的MVC架构逐渐演化到面向服务架构。面向服务架构由于其具有粗粒度、松耦合的架构模式和定义规范明确的通信方式等优点,而广泛地应用于大型企业系统。但由于传统的基于ESB的面向服务架构存在服务调用性能压力较大、服务化架构线性拓展较难等不足之处,国内外互联网企业采用了另一种更加灵活的服务架构风格,即微服务架构。微服务架构具有去中心化、模块高度自治、拓展灵活等诸多优点,可以使用较低的成本实现企业的研发需求,提高研发效率。本文通过对公司业务系统进行需求调研,设计实现了满足具体业务需求的微服务通信框架。本通信框架包括四个模块:基于Netty设计实现的用于底层网络传输的通信模块、建立在通信模块之上用于对传输消息描述和规范的私有协议栈模块、用于微服务架构下分布式组网中服务节点之间进行服务路由、信息提供的目录服务器服务注册中心模块、用于抵御高并发和恶劣网络环境等分布式环境下可能出现的异常因素而导致系统工作异常的服务熔断器模块。本文按照软件工程的思想和方法,结合公司具体的业务需求,通过构建用例模型分析需求,用系统架构图对框架做出了展示。运用类图、时序图和流程图展示了本人主要负责并完成的通信模块、私有协议栈模块、服务注册中心模块以及服务熔断器模块。最后通过测试验证了本框架的功能。该通信框架上线之后,根据基准测试和线上服务运行结果表明,公司多条业务系统整体灵活性得到了大幅度提升,单点压力显著降低。业务整体稳定性和运行效率也有了较大的提升。同时,业务组开发人员的额外工作量也明显下降,资源的利用率得到了显著的提升。
[Abstract]:With the development of software technology and the expansion of system application scale, software architecture has evolved from simple MVC architecture to service-oriented architecture. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is widely used in large enterprise systems due to its advantages of coarse-grained, loosely coupled architecture patterns and well-defined communication methods. However, because the traditional service-oriented architecture based on ESB has some disadvantages, such as the pressure of service invocation performance and the difficulty of linear expansion of service-oriented architecture, Internet enterprises at home and abroad have adopted another more flexible service architecture style. Microservice architecture. Micro-service architecture has many advantages, such as decentralization, high autonomy of modules, flexible development and so on. It can realize the R & D demand of enterprises and improve R & D efficiency with lower cost. In this paper, we design and implement a micro service communication framework to meet the specific business requirements by researching the requirements of the company's business system. The communication framework consists of four modules: the communication module designed and implemented based on Netty for the underlying network transmission, the private protocol stack module built on the communication module to describe and standardize the transmission messages. It is used for service routing between service nodes in distributed network under microservice architecture. Directory server service registry module provides information. A service fuse module used to resist possible anomalies in distributed environments, such as high concurrency and bad network environments, resulting in abnormal system performance. According to the idea and method of software engineering and combined with the specific business requirements of the company, this paper analyzes the requirements by constructing the use case model, and presents the framework with the system architecture diagram. The class diagram, timing diagram and flow chart are used to show the communication module, the private protocol stack module, the service registry module and the service fuse module. Finally, the function of this framework is verified by testing. The results of benchmark test and online service operation show that the overall flexibility of the company's multiple business systems has been greatly improved and the single point pressure has been significantly reduced. Business overall stability and operational efficiency has also been greatly improved. At the same time, the additional workload of business group developers is also significantly reduced, and the utilization of resources has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP311.52

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