基于认知无线电的车联网通信平台的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-12-12 23:10

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市交通拥堵、交通安全和环境污染等问题的日趋严重,车联网技术得到人们的广泛关注。但是,随着车联网技术的不断发展,其业务应用规模不断扩大,造成现有频谱资源无法满足其通信需求。根据美国联邦通信委员会调查研究显示,在传统静态频谱分配政策下,频谱资源存在着巨大的浪费。认知无线电技术可感知并机会式的接入周围空闲频谱,在保证授权用户正常通信的前提下,使得非授权用户能与授权用户共享频谱。因此,认知无线电技术成为一种为车联网通信提供额外空闲频谱的有效手段。目前已有很多研究机构对认知无线电技术在车联网中的应用进行了研究,但都仅仅停留在理论研究与仿真上,没有成熟的平台提供实际测试和验证。论文选题来自于北京市支持中央高校共建项目“基于认知无线电的公交车联网应用技术开发”。论文在对认知无线电技术和车联网技术进行研究的基础上,利用USRP硬件平台和GNU Radio软件包,设计并实现了基于认知无线电的车联网通信平台。本文的主要工作如下:首先对认知无线电技术和车联网技术进行了概述,包括各自的定义、关键技术及目前各自平台的搭建成果。同时,对目前认知无线电技术在车联网中的研究与应用也进行了总结与分析。然后,本文对基于认知无线电的车联网通信平台进行了设计与实现,根据需求分析设计并实现了平台的网络结构和节点架构,重点完成了平台节点软件架构中物理层、MAC层、应用层以及各层之间的接口的设计与实现。物理层设计并实现了数据收发模块和频谱检测模块,MAC层设计并实现了频谱合作检测与融合模块、多信道操作模块以及公共支撑模块,应用层实现了车载终端应用程序和平台演示监控程序,各层间接口采用UDP Socket进行设计实现。最后,分别在静止和移动环境中,在有无紧急通信用户及有无认知无线电功能的场景下对平台的功能和性能进行测试与分析,证明了平台在功能和性能上满足了研究需求。测试结果表明,基于认知无线电的车联网通信平台相比于基于WAVE协议的传统车联网平台,一方面降低了对紧急通信用户的干扰,另一方面在不干扰授权用户正常通信的前提下提高了频谱利用率,在授权用户到达率处于0-0.5范围内时平均提高了约114.1%频谱利用率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly serious problems of urban traffic congestion, traffic safety and environmental pollution, vehicle networking technology has been widely concerned. However, with the continuous development of vehicle networking technology, its business application scale is expanding, resulting in the existing spectrum resources can not meet its communication needs. According to the investigation of the Federal Communications Commission, there is a huge waste of spectrum resources under the traditional static spectrum allocation policy. Cognitive radio technology can perceptively and opportunistically access the idle spectrum around it, which enables unauthorized users to share the spectrum with authorized users on the premise of ensuring normal communication between authorized users. Therefore, cognitive radio technology has become an effective means to provide additional idle spectrum for vehicle-connected communications. At present, many research institutions have studied the application of cognitive radio technology in vehicle networking, but all of them only stay on the theoretical research and simulation, there is no mature platform to provide practical testing and verification. The topic of this paper is from Beijing's support for the Central University Co-Construction Project, "bus networking Technology Development based on Cognitive Radio". Based on the research of cognitive radio technology and vehicle networking technology, this paper designs and implements the vehicle networking communication platform based on cognitive radio using USRP hardware platform and GNU Radio software package. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the cognitive radio technology and vehicle networking technology are summarized, including their respective definitions, key technologies and the current platform construction results. At the same time, the research and application of cognitive radio technology in vehicle networking are summarized and analyzed. Then, this paper designs and implements the vehicle networking communication platform based on cognitive radio, designs and implements the network structure and node architecture of the platform according to the requirement analysis, and completes the physical layer and MAC layer of the platform node software architecture. Design and implementation of application layer and interface between layers. The physical layer designs and implements the data transceiver module and the spectrum detection module, the MAC layer designs and implements the spectrum cooperative detection and fusion module, the multi-channel operation module and the common support module. The application layer implements vehicle terminal application program and platform demo monitor program. The interface between each layer is designed and implemented by UDP Socket. Finally, the function and performance of the platform are tested and analyzed in static and mobile environments, with or without emergency communication users and with or without cognitive radio function. It is proved that the platform meets the research needs in function and performance. The test results show that compared with the traditional vehicle networking platform based on WAVE protocol, the cognitive radio based vehicle network communication platform reduces the interference to emergency communication users. On the other hand, the spectrum efficiency is improved without interfering with the normal communication of authorized users, and the spectrum efficiency is increased by 114.1% on average when the arrival rate of authorized users is in the range of 0-0.5.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925;U495

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