基于机器视觉的插件机研发
发布时间：2019-01-06 13:17
【摘要】：随着社会的发展与进步,电子产品在日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而插件机是电子产品生产线上不可或缺的设备。插件机以自动插件代替传统的手工插件,大大提高了插件的效率,并且减小了因人工失误造成的损失。所以,无论在国内还是国外,插件机都有着很好的发展前景。本文对基于机器视觉的插件机的主要部分做了结构设计与分析,完成了运动控制系统的设计和图像采集与识别的设计,并通过实际验证,满足插件要求。针对实际插件要求,设计插件机的运动控制系统,确定机器的主要结构和技术指标。在了解插件机的工作原理和工作流程的基础上,确定机器上各轴要实现的功能,然后其做力学分析,由分析的结果选取合适型号的电机和驱动器,设计外围电路图。完成运动控制系统设计后,开展对图像采集系统的设计。图像采集模块是整个机器的核心,文中对该部分提出了两种结构设计方案,分别为基于移动相机的图像采集系统和基于固定相机的图像采集系统,并针对这两种结构设计了标定方法。机器的标定是连接机器和相机的桥梁,标定的方法与精度直接决定了机器的精度。文中分别介绍了基于固定相机和移动相机标定方法,并通过多组插件实验验证该方法的可行性。图像采集模块确定后就可以采集图片并进行处理,图像处理过程中用到的算法,分为元器件识别和Mark点识别。其中元器件识别算法包括引脚识别和轮廓识别;Mark点识别首先通过Blob分析,再用最小二乘法做圆拟合。除此之外,本文还提出一种基于灰度值两次线性变换的图像增强算法,能够较好地达到预处理效果。在完成以上工作后,可以对样机进行调试和性能测试,包括图像处理精度实验、机械精度测试实验、插件速度测试实验等。实验结果表明该机器能够满足设计需求。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of society, electronic products play a more and more important role in daily life, and plug-in machine is an indispensable equipment in the production line of electronic products. The plug-in machine replaces the traditional manual plug-in with the automatic plug-in, which greatly improves the efficiency of the plug-in and reduces the loss caused by human error. Therefore, both at home and abroad, plug-in machines have a very good development prospects. In this paper, the main parts of the plug-in machine based on machine vision are designed and analyzed, and the design of motion control system and image acquisition and recognition are completed. The motion control system of the plug-in machine is designed according to the requirements of the actual plug-in, and the main structure and technical specifications of the machine are determined. On the basis of understanding the working principle and working flow of the plug-in machine, the functions to be realized on each axis of the machine are determined, and then the mechanical analysis is done. According to the results of the analysis, the appropriate type of motor and driver are selected, and the peripheral circuit diagram is designed. After the motion control system is designed, the image acquisition system is designed. The image acquisition module is the core of the whole machine. In this paper, two kinds of structure design schemes are put forward, which are the image acquisition system based on the mobile camera and the image acquisition system based on the fixed camera. The calibration method is designed for these two structures. The calibration of machine is a bridge between machine and camera. The method and precision of calibration directly determine the accuracy of machine. The calibration methods based on fixed camera and mobile camera are introduced, and the feasibility of the method is verified by multiple plug-in experiments. The image acquisition module can collect images and process them. The algorithms used in image processing are divided into component recognition and Mark point recognition. The recognition algorithm of components includes pin recognition and contour recognition. Mark point recognition is firstly analyzed by Blob and then circle fitting is done by least square method. In addition, this paper proposes an image enhancement algorithm based on gray value quadratic linear transformation, which can achieve better preprocessing effect. After the above work, the prototype can be debugged and tested, including image processing precision experiment, mechanical precision test experiment, plug-in speed test experiment and so on. The experimental results show that the machine can meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41
本文编号：2402835
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of society, electronic products play a more and more important role in daily life, and plug-in machine is an indispensable equipment in the production line of electronic products. The plug-in machine replaces the traditional manual plug-in with the automatic plug-in, which greatly improves the efficiency of the plug-in and reduces the loss caused by human error. Therefore, both at home and abroad, plug-in machines have a very good development prospects. In this paper, the main parts of the plug-in machine based on machine vision are designed and analyzed, and the design of motion control system and image acquisition and recognition are completed. The motion control system of the plug-in machine is designed according to the requirements of the actual plug-in, and the main structure and technical specifications of the machine are determined. On the basis of understanding the working principle and working flow of the plug-in machine, the functions to be realized on each axis of the machine are determined, and then the mechanical analysis is done. According to the results of the analysis, the appropriate type of motor and driver are selected, and the peripheral circuit diagram is designed. After the motion control system is designed, the image acquisition system is designed. The image acquisition module is the core of the whole machine. In this paper, two kinds of structure design schemes are put forward, which are the image acquisition system based on the mobile camera and the image acquisition system based on the fixed camera. The calibration method is designed for these two structures. The calibration of machine is a bridge between machine and camera. The method and precision of calibration directly determine the accuracy of machine. The calibration methods based on fixed camera and mobile camera are introduced, and the feasibility of the method is verified by multiple plug-in experiments. The image acquisition module can collect images and process them. The algorithms used in image processing are divided into component recognition and Mark point recognition. The recognition algorithm of components includes pin recognition and contour recognition. Mark point recognition is firstly analyzed by Blob and then circle fitting is done by least square method. In addition, this paper proposes an image enhancement algorithm based on gray value quadratic linear transformation, which can achieve better preprocessing effect. After the above work, the prototype can be debugged and tested, including image processing precision experiment, mechanical precision test experiment, plug-in speed test experiment and so on. The experimental results show that the machine can meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41
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