基于ZYNQ平台的双轴自准直仪研究

发布时间：2019-02-26 13:53

【摘要】：双轴自准直仪作为一种高精度非接触式测量仪器,可用于测量二维微小偏转角度、平面度、直线度等信息。本文基于Xilinx公司ZYNQ开发平台,从光的自准直原理出发,设计并搭建了完整的双轴自准直仪测量系统,具备自校准功能,可用于远距离微小角度测量。本文的具体研究工作如下:为提高自准直仪远距离测量精度,减小空气扰动和温度变化的影响,提出了测量基准的实时在线校准的双光路自准直测角方法。设计了基于ZYNQ平台的控制总体方案。实现了图像采集模块、图像处理模块以及人机交互。其中,图像采集模块通过两个千兆网口相机实现图像的实时采集;图像处理模块处理采集到的数据,计算当前二维角度偏转;人机交互部分则是在触摸液晶显示屏上实时显示采集到的数据和角度信息,同时设置了一些按钮供用户选取相应功能。图像处理中的图像预处理部分是在ZYNQ芯片中的可编程逻辑部分实现,其余部分功能在处理器系统中完成。深入研究了质心法、高斯拟合法和最小二乘圆拟合法几种亚像素定位算法,通过分析其定位精度、速度和稳定性,选取了质心法用于光斑中心位置提取。通过近距离(1.5m)和远距离(10m)测角实验,证明所提出的方法对于长距离目标角度测量精度有明显提高。
[Abstract]:As a kind of high-precision non-contact measuring instrument, biaxial autocollimator can be used to measure two-dimensional micro deflection angle, flatness, straightness and so on. Based on the ZYNQ development platform of Xilinx company, this paper designs and builds a complete measurement system of biaxial autocollimator based on the principle of optical autocollimation. It has self-calibration function and can be used in long-distance micro-angle measurement. The specific research work in this paper is as follows: in order to improve the precision of long-distance measurement of autocollimator and reduce the influence of air disturbance and temperature variation, a real-time on-line calibration method of two-light path auto-collimation angle measurement for measuring datum is proposed. The overall control scheme based on ZYNQ platform is designed. Image acquisition module, image processing module and human-computer interaction are realized. The image acquisition module realizes the real-time image acquisition through two gigabit network cameras, and the image processing module processes the collected data and calculates the current two-dimensional angle deflection. In the part of human-computer interaction, the collected data and angle information are displayed in real-time on the touch liquid crystal display screen, and some buttons are set up for users to select the corresponding functions. The image pre-processing part in image processing is realized in the programmable logic part of the ZYNQ chip, and the rest functions are completed in the processor system. Several sub-pixel localization algorithms, such as centroid method, Gao Si fitting method and least square circle fitting method, are deeply studied. By analyzing their positioning accuracy, speed and stability, the centroid method is selected for spot center location extraction. The experimental results of angle measurement at short distance (1.5 m) and long distance (10 m) show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of angle measurement for long-range targets.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH741.14;TP391.41

【参考文献】