基于BIM的全过程工程造价管理

发布时间：2019-05-10 22:35

【摘要】：在经济和社会都不断发展的今天,建筑业作为我国的三大产业之一,也随着经济的发展投资在不断的增加。建设项目的投资控制就是将投资进行最合理的分配,致力于用最少的投入达到预期的效果,所以投资控制是在建筑业有效控制资源投入的方法。而我国虽然资源总量丰富但人均资源却极匮乏,因此在我国这种资源欠缺的大环境下,对建筑业的投资进行有效的控制,提高投资的有效率就至关重要。随着对建筑业投资管理的关注度增加,各界人士也在不断研究更加有效的方法来提高投资的利用率。BIM是一个可以运用于建设项目全过程的,方便项目参与各方进行交流的信息平台,它可以在保证工程质量的前提下实现对工程造价的有效管理,减少投资失控现象的发生。因此,本课题在充分认识BIM的基础上对其在全过程工程造价管理中的运用进行了研究。将BIM作为管理全过程工程造价的一种手段,在充分分析目前BIM的发展状态以及我国政府、行业以及企业对将BIM应用于建设工程项目中所持态度的基础上,研究了将BIM运用于全过程工程造价管理的可行性。将全过程工程造价管理进行了阶段划分,以便可以更好的分析每个阶段运用BIM进行造价管理所能带来的优势。前策划阶段是全过程工程造价管理的开始,在此阶段运用AHP方法得出造价影响因素的重要度,然后以此为筛选条件结合BIM选择出最佳的历史类似工程,并利用所得数据来编制投资估算,从而在满足投资方要求的前提下得出更加精确的投资估算。设计阶段是整个造价管理过程中最重要的阶段,BIM在设计阶段最主要的作用是实现设计在三维和二维之间的互相转化,将工程造价由投资估算到设计概算再到施工图预算进行一步步的细化与优化,使其能将投资控制在合理范围内的同时得到最佳的设计。施工阶段运用BIM对施工组织设计等进行优化的同时对建设项目开工前进行模拟施工,以此来解决工程中可能出现的问题以及预防控制风险,同时对施工成本进行动态控制,使工程控制在投资范围内避免造成投资失控。运营维护阶段是全过程工程造价管理的最后一个阶段,在该阶段可利用BIM的信息化以及数据收集整理的能力以此来减少该阶段的成本支出。最终完成BIM对整个工程造价的管理。全过程的工程造价管理并不局限于某一阶段,而BIM在其中的运用研究也改变了BIM运用间断,考虑不全面的局面。BIM作为建筑信息化的核心内容而存在,所以将BIM运用于全过程的造价管理中是改善目前建筑业投资现状的有效方法可以为建筑业带来更好的利益。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the construction industry, as one of the three major industries in our country, is increasing with the development of economy. The investment control of construction project is the most reasonable allocation of investment, committed to achieving the desired effect with the least investment, so investment control is an effective way to control the investment of resources in the construction industry. Although our country is rich in total resources, but the per capita resources are very scarce, so in the environment of lack of resources in our country, it is very important to effectively control the investment in the construction industry and improve the efficiency of investment. With the increasing attention to investment management in the construction industry, people from all walks of life are constantly studying more effective ways to improve the utilization rate of investment. BIM is a process that can be applied to the whole process of construction projects. The information platform, which is convenient for all parties involved in the project, can effectively manage the project cost and reduce the occurrence of out-of-control investment on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project. Therefore, on the basis of fully understanding BIM, this paper studies its application in the whole process engineering cost management. Taking BIM as a means of managing the cost of the whole process, based on the full analysis of the current development of BIM and the attitude of our government, industry and enterprises towards the application of BIM in construction projects, The feasibility of applying BIM to project cost management in the whole process is studied. The whole process of engineering cost management is divided into stages, so that we can better analyze the advantages of using BIM in each stage of cost management. The pre-planning stage is the beginning of the whole process project cost management. In this stage, the importance of the influencing factors of the cost is obtained by using AHP method, and then the best historical similar project is selected as the screening condition combined with BIM. The obtained data are used to compile the investment estimation, so that the more accurate investment estimation can be obtained under the premise of meeting the requirements of the investors. The design stage is the most important stage in the whole process of cost management. The most important role of BIM in the design phase is to realize the mutual transformation between three-dimensional and two-dimensional design. The project cost is refined and optimized step by step from investment estimation to design estimate and then to construction drawing budget, so that the investment can be controlled within a reasonable range and the best design can be obtained at the same time. In the construction stage, BIM is used to optimize the construction organization design, and at the same time, the construction is simulated before the construction project starts, so as to solve the possible problems in the project and prevent and control the risk, and at the same time carry on the dynamic control to the construction cost. To control the project within the scope of investment to avoid causing out of control of investment. The stage of operation and maintenance is the last stage of project cost management in the whole process. In this stage, the information of BIM and the ability of data collection and collation can be used to reduce the cost and expenditure of this stage. The final completion of BIM to the entire project cost management. The project cost management in the whole process is not limited to a certain stage, and the application research of BIM in it has also changed the discontinuity of BIM application and considered the incomplete situation. BIM, as the core content of building informatization, exists. Therefore, the application of BIM in the cost management of the whole process is an effective method to improve the current investment situation of the construction industry, which can bring better benefits to the construction industry.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU723.3;TU17

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