考虑不同加固方法的桥梁全生命周期环境影响评价

发布时间：2018-01-12 18:11

本文关键词：考虑不同加固方法的桥梁全生命周期环境影响评价　出处：《北京交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：过去30年伴随着经济的持续发展,我国开展了大规模的公路桥梁建设。截止到2010年底,我国桥梁总量达到了65.8万座,桥梁总长达到3万公里。但是桥梁的快速建设消耗了大量的自然资源与能源,同时排放了大量的有害气体,对环境造成了严重的危害。由于近年公路交通流量出现了持续迅速的增长,公路桥梁也普遍暴露出过早损坏的不正常现象,据调查10年底我国危桥总数达到了9.35万座,占到全部桥梁的14.3%。为了延长公路桥梁寿命,保证安全运营,对桥梁进行加固成为必要手段,但是需要加固的桥梁如此之多,桥梁的加固同样会消耗大量的材料与能源,同时产生排放大量的有害气体和有害物质。纵观发达国家的桥梁建设一般都会经历三个阶段：大举新建阶段、新建与维修并举阶段、维修加固阶段,我国目前已经进入了新建与维修并举阶段,桥梁加固维修逐渐成为桥梁工程的主流,所以有必要对桥梁的建设与加固进行定量的环境影响分析与研究。本文主要工作包括： 1、在生命周期基本方法框架的基础上,提出对清单分析中数据的采集和处理要求,并收集、整合、分析了桥梁工程中基本建筑材料、能源、加固材料的排放系数,为全面的定量分析桥梁加固乃至全生命周期的环境影响奠定了基础。 2、基于生态指标法对桥梁材料生产阶段、施工阶段、加固阶段与拆除阶段涉及到的各种材料、资源、能源进行环境影响计算分析,得出了单位体积或单位重量材料、资源、能源的环境影响潜值与环境影响特征值。首次给出了较全面的桥梁全生命周期材料、资源、能源的单位环境影响。提出了基于生态指标法的桥梁全生命周期环境影响计算评价方法。 3、对桥梁工程中常用的加固方法进行了介绍,对一座承载能力不足的简支梁桥的T形梁用四种加固方法进行加固计算,并结合公路桥梁维修与加固预算定额得到该梁四种加固方法的材料、资源、能源的消耗量。然后用本文提出的桥梁生命周期环境影响计算方法对四种加固方法的环境影响进行计算与对比。 4、对郑州一座旧桥XX大桥进行实例分析,分析阶段包括桥梁材料生产阶段、施工阶段、维修加固阶段和拆除阶段,真正实现桥梁的全生命周期环境影响分析(from cradle to grave)。在桥梁生产阶段分析了生产桥梁建设所需的主要建材的环境影响；施工阶段计算了由于施工机械与运输工具消耗资源所产生的影响；桥梁维修加固阶段首次对比了粘贴钢板、粘贴碳纤维布和张拉体外预应力三种加固方法的环境影响,并比选了此桥的四种加固方案的环境影响与成本,此外还考虑了桥面重新铺装与车辆绕行产生的环境影响；最后拆除阶段考虑了钢材的回收与固体废弃物造成的环境破坏。本文通过分析对比桥梁不同加固方法和桥梁全生命周期的的环境影响,为桥梁加固方案的选择加入了环境影响这一重要因素,使其能与成本、性能进行优化,对实现桥梁全生命周期的可持续有实际参考意义。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years, with the continuous development of the economy of our country to carry out large-scale construction of highway bridge. By the end of 2010, China's total to 658 thousand bridges, bridge length of 30 thousand kilometers. But the rapid construction of bridge consumption of natural resources and a lot of energy, and emit large amounts of harmful gases, resulting in the serious harm to the environment. In recent years, the highway traffic has continued to grow rapidly, the highway bridge also generally exposed premature damage is not normal phenomenon, according to a survey by the end of 10 the total number of China's bridge has reached 93 thousand and 500, accounted for all of the bridge 14.3%. in order to extend the life of roads and bridges, ensure the safe operation of the bridge. The reinforcement has become a necessary method, but need to strengthen the bridge so much, the reinforcement of the bridge will also consume lots of energy and materials, and produce large amounts of harmful gases and emissions Harmful substances. The bridge construction throughout the developed countries generally experienced three stages: a new stage, new stage and maintenance and maintenance, strengthening stage, China has entered a new stage of maintenance and repair measures, gradually become the main stream of bridge engineering of bridge reinforcement, so it is necessary to study and analysis of environmental impact quantitatively the construction and reinforcement of bridges.
The main work of this article includes:
1, based on the basic framework of the life cycle method, request, and collection, integration of data acquisition and processing of inventory analysis, analysis of the basic building materials, bridge engineering, energy, emission coefficient reinforcement material, laid the foundation for strengthening environmental impact and the whole life cycle of the comprehensive quantitative analysis of the bridge.
2, the ecological index method of bridge materials production stage, construction stage based on a variety of materials, strengthening stage and resources involved in the demolition phase, calculation and analysis of environmental impact energy, the unit volume or the unit weight of material resources, the environmental impact potential energy value and the characteristic effect of environmental value is given for the first time. The bridge comprehensively the whole life cycle of materials, resources, environment and energy unit. The effects of proposed calculation and evaluation methods of ecological index system of bridge life cycle environmental impact based on.
3, the common reinforcement method used in bridge engineering are introduced, T beam bridge bearing capacity of the beam under the four kinds of reinforcement methods for reinforcement calculation, and combined with the highway bridge maintenance and reinforcement of the beam budget quota of four reinforcement methods of materials, resources, energy consumption of the life cycle. Then the environmental impact of the bridge with the proposed calculation method on the environmental impact of the four reinforcement methods are calculated and compared.
4, the author analyzes the Zhengzhou old bridge XX bridge, including bridge material analysis stage production stage, stage of construction, maintenance and reinforcement phase and the demolition stage, analysis of the life cycle environmental impact of the real bridge (from cradle to grave). The environmental impact in the production stage of the main bridge building materials required for the production of bridge the construction of the construction phase is calculated; due to the influence of construction machinery and transportation resource consumption generated; highwaybridge stage for the first time compared with bonded steel plates, CFRP and external prestressed reinforcement method of three kinds of environmental impact and environmental impact and cost than chose four kinds of reinforcement scheme of this bridge. In addition, the environmental impact of bridge deck pavement and the re detour is considered; final demolition stage considering the steel recycling and solid waste caused by environmental damage.
In this paper, through the analysis of different reinforcement method and bridge life cycle environmental impact comparison bridge, for the bridge reinforcement plan choice joined the environmental impact of the important factor, which can optimize the performance and cost of bridge life cycle sustainable has actual reference significance.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU375

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