基于蓄能器能量回收的挖掘机回转节能研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:02

本文关键词：基于蓄能器能量回收的挖掘机回转节能研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：液压挖掘机作为国家基础建设的重要工程机械之一,已经广泛应用于建筑、交通、水利、矿山以及军事等领域中。然而,液压挖掘机的工况复杂,负载变化剧烈,发动机往往工作在低效区,燃油利用率低,而高效、节能、减排一直是世界各国企业追求的主要目标之一。经过分析挖掘机的普通回转系统,其能量损失主要由两方面引起：一是回转启动时的溢流损失,二是回转制动时的动能以热能的形式而损失,为了解决上述两方面的能耗问题,本文以日本小松生产的PC220-8挖掘机为研究对象,提出了基于蓄能器的挖掘机回转制动能量回收系统,并对其进行了相关的研究。论文主要做了以下工作： 1、调研和查阅相关文献,了解目前液压挖掘机整机系统和回转系统的节能研究,找出目前研究的不足,为下一步提出更节能的挖掘机回转系统方案打下基础。 2、对比分析了各储能元件的优缺点,最终选择蓄能器作为本系统的储能元件,提出了基于蓄能器的挖掘机回转制动能量回收系统,该系统利用电子控制技术,通过压力检测来判断识别制动能量的回收,同时根据蓄能器释放能量途径的不同,提出了两种方案：方案一将蓄能器内的高压油直接释放到回转马达进油口,直接用于驱动回转马达,称之为直接利用方案；方案二将蓄能器内的高压油释放到液压泵进油口,通过减小液压泵进出口压差,降低电动机的负载,称之为间接利用方案。 3、利用AMESim软件建立了传统方案、方案一和方案二仿真模型,通过仿真分析了三种方案在挖掘机回转启动过程中的流量和能量利用效率,仿真结果表明：传统方案由于没有配置制动能量回收系统,流量利用效率和能量利用效率都比较低；方案一通过制定合适的控制策略,使得能量利用效率达到最理想的状态;而方案二虽然配置了制动能量回收系统,能量利用效率虽然有所提高,但和方案一相比效率还是比较低。 4、对方案一系统从能量回收效率、回收能量再利用效率和系统节能率三方面进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明：具有回转制动能量回收的挖掘机回转系统能量回收效率为66.9%,回收能量再利用效率为50.3%,系统节能效率为49.9%。最后分析了蓄能器体积和回转平台转动惯量对系统能量回收效率、回收能量再利用效率和系统节能率的影响。 5、为了从实验数据方面验证所设计的回转制动能量回收系统的可行性和节能效果,从实验方案及原理、实验设备与仪器和实验数据采集平台等三个方面,对挖掘机回转制动能量回收系统的模拟实验进行阐述,并对实验平台进行了设计。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator as one of the important construction machinery in national infrastructure has been widely used in construction transportation water conservancy mining and military. However the working conditions of hydraulic excavator are complex. The load changes dramatically, the engine often works in the low efficiency area, the fuel efficiency is low, but the high efficiency, the energy saving, the emission reduction is one of the main targets which the world enterprise pursues all the time. The energy loss is mainly caused by two aspects: one is the spillage loss when the rotation starts, the other is the kinetic energy loss in the form of heat energy in the rotary braking, in order to solve the energy consumption problem of the above two aspects. In this paper, the PC220-8 excavator produced by Komatsu in Japan is taken as the research object, and a rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator based on accumulator is put forward, and the relevant research is carried out on it. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. Investigate and consult the relevant literature, understand the current hydraulic excavator system and rotary system of energy-saving research, find out the shortcomings of the current research. It lays the foundation for a more energy-saving rotary system of excavator. 2. The advantages and disadvantages of each energy storage element are compared and analyzed. Finally, the accumulator is selected as the energy storage component of the system, and the rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator based on accumulator is put forward. The system uses electronic control technology to judge the recovery of braking energy by pressure detection, and according to the different ways of energy release from accumulator. Two schemes are put forward: one is to release the high-pressure oil from the accumulator directly to the inlet of the rotary motor, which is called the direct utilization scheme for driving the rotary motor; The second scheme is to release the high pressure oil in the accumulator to the inlet of the hydraulic pump. By reducing the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic pump and reducing the load of the motor, it is called the indirect utilization scheme. 3. The simulation model of traditional scheme, scheme 1 and scheme 2 is established by using AMESim software. The flow rate and energy utilization efficiency of three schemes in the process of rotary start of excavator are analyzed by simulation. The simulation results show that the flow utilization efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of the traditional scheme are low due to the lack of braking energy recovery system. The first scheme is to make the energy use efficiency reach the ideal state by making appropriate control strategy. Although the second scheme is equipped with the braking energy recovery system, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, but compared with the first scheme, the efficiency is still relatively low. 4. The system is simulated and analyzed from three aspects: energy recovery efficiency, energy recovery efficiency and energy saving rate. The simulation results show that the energy recovery efficiency of the rotary system of excavator with rotary braking energy recovery is 66.9 and the recovery energy reuse efficiency is 50.3%. The energy saving efficiency of the system is 49.9. Finally, the effects of the volume of the accumulator and the rotational inertia of the rotary platform on the energy recovery efficiency, the energy recovery efficiency and the energy saving rate of the system are analyzed. 5. In order to verify the feasibility and energy saving effect of the designed rotary braking energy recovery system from the aspect of experimental data, the experimental scheme and principle, experimental equipment and instrument, and experimental data acquisition platform are three aspects. The simulation experiment of rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator is described, and the experimental platform is designed.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU621

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