分布式能源系统适应条件及配置的研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:13

本文关键词：分布式能源系统适应条件及配置的研究　出处：《山东建筑大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源利用率偏低、大量使用化石燃料带来的环境问题严重制约我国经济发展。以节约能源作为基准点,分布式能源系统是建立在能量“梯级利用”的基础上,将发电系统建在用户末端,满足用户冷热电负荷需求,根据温度对口原则综合利用不同温度的能量,提高一次能源利用率。分布式能源系统是相对于传统的集中式、大型化的能源系统而言的,由于建于用户末端,没有远距离的输送,很大程度上降低了系统输送损耗。分布式能源系统典型代表是冷热电三联供系统,它通常是在热电联产基础上发展起来的,利用燃料燃烧产生的高品位能量发电,发电后的低品位烟气余热用来供热制冷或向用户提供生活热水。分布式能源系统在我国发展起步较晚,随着天然气管网的覆盖率提高,分布式能源站也在各地发展起来,但并不是所有的能源站都实现了节约能源的原则,其中有一些已经因为长期处于低负荷运转,运行效率较低而停运。本文以济南地区气象条件为基础,根据建筑规模,计算分析不同类型建筑物各季节的负荷变化情况及其稳定性；计算分析了热电比大小对分布式能源系统的节能性的影响,提出系统节能时的热电比范围；介绍了联供系统关键设备的性能特点及热力特性以及常见的系统配置方案,分析了系统能效以及运行模式。主要内容包括以下几个方面： (1)分析不同类型建筑物的负荷需求情况,计算不同建筑物在各季节典型日内的逐时负荷以及相应的热电比,并逐一计算了各建筑物热、电负荷的标准差和方差；可见公用建筑电负荷稳定性最好,医院和办公楼电负荷稳定性不好,工业园区过渡季节电负荷稳定性不好。大学校园和公用建筑的热负荷稳定性好,医院、商场和办公楼热负荷稳定性不好。 (2)计算分析热电比与总效率和节能率的关系。得出当燃机发电效率分别为20%、30%和40%时,系统在采暖季的节能效果分别是：θ2.7时,节能；θ1.2时,节能；节能。系统在制冷季的节能效果分别是：不节能；θ2.7时,节能；节能。 (3)综合分析分布式能源系统的适应条件,得出：医院和工业园区适合常年运行分布式能源系统；商场不适合采用分布式能源系统；大学校园和办公楼过渡季节不适合采用分布式能源系统,冬季和夏季使用时要求选用的动力装置发电效率大于35%；大学校园过渡季节大部分时间都处于寒暑假期间,不考虑对其过渡季节供能。公用建筑也是只适合在冬季和夏季采用分布式能源系统。 (4)介绍了系统各设备的性能特点以及常见的联供系统方案配置及其原理,建立了冷热电联供系统与相应的采用集中电网购电、燃气锅炉和电压缩制冷的分供系统的对比模型,计算分析了联供系统在不同总效率和不同电网发电效率情况下的节能性,得出系统节能时要求的发电效率和系统总效率的要求。给出系统在不同情况下(冷热电负荷过量或不足)的运行模式。
[Abstract]:The distributed energy system is built on the basis of energy " step utilization " , and the distributed energy system is built on the basis of energy " step utilization " . The distributed energy system is started relatively late in China . With the increase of the coverage rate of the natural gas pipe network , the distributed energy station has been developed all over the country , but not all the energy stations have realized the principle of saving energy . ( 1 ) To analyze the load demand of different types of buildings , calculate hourly load and corresponding thermoelectric ratio of different buildings in typical days of each season , and calculate the standard deviation and variance of heat and electrical load of each building one by one ; the electrical load stability of public buildings is the best , the electrical load stability of hospitals and office buildings is not good . The thermal load stability of university campuses and public buildings is good , and the thermal load stability of hospitals , stores and office buildings is not good . ( 2 ) The relationship between the ratio of electric power and the total efficiency and the energy saving ratio is calculated . It is concluded that when the power efficiency of the gas turbine is 20 % , 30 % and 40 % respectively , the energy saving effect of the system in the heating season is : ( 3 ) The adaptation conditions of the distributed energy system are comprehensively analyzed . It is concluded that the hospital and the industrial park are suitable for running the distributed energy system in the past year ; the market is not suitable for the use of the distributed energy system ; the transition season of the university campus and the office building is not suitable for the use of the distributed energy system ; ( 4 ) The performance characteristics of each equipment of the system as well as the common system scheme configuration and its principle are introduced . A comparison model of the power supply system of the cold and hot electric power supply system and the corresponding centralized power grid purchasing , gas boiler and electric compression refrigeration system is established . The energy - saving performance of the system under different total efficiency and power generation efficiency is calculated and analyzed . The operation mode of the system under different conditions ( excess or deficiency of the cold - thermal power load ) is given .

【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU996

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