永定土楼世遗地景观中客家文化的保护与传承

发布时间：2018-01-16 12:14

本文关键词：永定土楼世遗地景观中客家文化的保护与传承　出处：《福建农林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2008年,福建土楼被列入世界文化遗产名录,作为福建土楼中开发最早的永定土楼世遗地受到世人的瞩目,这里除了有“世界上独一无二的神话般的山区建筑模式”的土楼之外,更有蕴含在土楼以及土楼聚落里浓郁的客家文化。永定作为纯客家县,其土楼世遗地景观的保护与开发不仅仅是对土楼建筑景观的保护,更重要的是对客家文化的保护与传承。然而,如今人们对世遗地中的土楼,这种独特的民居建筑的关注程度远远大于客家文化,客家文化正面临着扭曲、淡化甚至消失的危险。永定土楼是客家文化的具体表现,没有了客家文化的凝结,土楼本身也便失去了灵魂,因而对土楼世遗地景观中加强客家文化的保护与传承势在必行。本研究基于此背景,对永定土楼世遗地开展了细致的调查和研究,针对如何在对土楼世遗地景观进行保护和开发的过程中,既展示其独特的建筑魅力,又能够反映出其深厚的客家文化底蕴提出了相应的对策,对提升永定土楼世遗地整体景观内涵具有的重要现实意义。笔者通过查阅大量的相关文献资料,深入调查了解永定土楼世遗地景观中客家文化的体现及其保护现状,分析研究结果如下： (1)通过查阅文献及实地考察,对永定土楼世遗地的相关概念及基本概况进行阐述。 (2)对客家文化的形成及发展情况进行研究,总结出客家文化的基本内涵“以中原文化为基础,对异族文化的博采和内化,以及特殊的移民文化”,对客家文化的特征及保护价值进行深入探讨和分析,其主要特征包括显著的社会性、鲜明的时空性、历史的传承性、内容的广博性四点,其保护价值在于其具有社会价值、生态价值、经济价值、人文价值、景观价值五个方面。 (3)通过对永定土楼世遗地的实地调研结合相关理论指导,深入剖析客家文化在土楼聚落景观中的表现,总结出永定土楼世遗地聚落景观的四大特点顺风顺水的聚落选址、提升品质的风水林营造、高低错落,富于变化的聚落景观及朴实自然的聚落景观色彩,展现了客家文化对土楼聚落建设的指导和影响。深入剖析客家文化在土楼建筑景观中的体现,从奇特的聚居方式、天人合一的建筑形制、朴实完美的建筑细节处理、坚固的防卫系统及催人奋进的匾额楹联五个方面全面展示客家文化在土楼建筑中的蕴含,证实了永定土楼与客家文化不可分割的关系,此外还对客家文化在宗教信仰、民俗活动、饮食文化、语言歌谣等对永定土楼世遗地景观的丰富进行了全面的阐述,进一步强调了永定土楼世遗地景观保护与客家文化保护传承相辅相成的重要性。 (4)在中国古典园林美学、景观设计学、景观生态学、园林工程、文化生态学等多学科相关理论基础的指导下,提出了基于客家文化背景下永定土楼世遗地景观的五大保护原则,即就地保护原则、整体保护原则、生态优先原则、以人为本原则及合理开发原则。通过对实地调研过程中永定土楼世遗地景观的保护现状及原因进行深入分析,对客家文化在永定土楼世遗地的留存问题进行思考。 (5)对永定土楼世遗地景观保护现状进行了详细的实地调查,分析例举出了在世遗地景观中存在的不足和主要问题,针对所提出的问题,提出了七条相应的保护实施途径,具体包括：恢复生态,保存土楼聚落格局；修旧如旧,恢复土楼建筑原貌；与时俱进,改善土楼基础设施；深入挖掘,营造客家文化氛围；提炼符号,树立品牌景观形象；拓展渠道,完善解说宣传系统；互动开发,增加文化交流途径。并以永定洪坑民俗文化村景观规划为案例对客家文化在永定土楼世遗地景观保护和开发过程中的传承进行研究,为基于客家文化背景下的土楼世遗地景观的保护和建设提供理论和实践指导,也为其他世遗地及其背景文化的保护和开发提供理论和实践指导。
[Abstract]:In 2008, Fujian province was included in the world heritage list, as Fujian Tulou in the earliest development of world heritage, Storied Building of Yongding attracts the world's attention, here in addition to the world the one and only the fairy tale mode building mountain Tulou, and more contained in the earthen earthen building settlement in the rich Hakka culture. As the Hakka County Yongding the development and protection of world heritage, the earth landscape is not only to protect the earth building landscape, it is more important for the protection and inheritance of the Hakka culture. However, now people on the world heritage in the earth, the degree of attention to this unique architectural style is far greater than that of Hakka culture, Hakka culture is facing the distortion, fade and even the risk of disappearing. Storied Building of Yongding is a concrete manifestation of the Hakka culture, there is no condensation of the Hakka culture, its itself also will lose its soul, so the earth to the world heritage It is imperative to strengthen the protection and inheritance of Hakka culture in the landscape.
This study is based on this background, the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage to carry out meticulous investigation and study, aiming at how to process the protection and development of the world heritage earthen landscape, which shows its unique architectural charm, but also reflects the profound Hakka culture and put forward corresponding countermeasures, has important practical significance with the connotation of the to enhance the overall landscape of Storied Building of Yongding world heritage.
Through consulting a lot of relevant documents, in-depth investigation and understanding of Hakka culture reflect the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape and the protection of the status quo, analysis results are as follows:
(1) through the literature and on-the-spot investigation, the relevant concepts of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage and the basic situation in this paper.
(2) to study the formation and development of Hakka culture, summed up the basic connotation of Hakka culture in the Central Plains culture based on the alien culture of gambling and internalization, and the special immigration culture, in-depth discussion and Analysis on the characteristics and value of protection of the Hakka culture, its main features include social significant the space-time stark, inheritance history, content extensive four points, its protection value lies in its social value, ecological value, economic value, cultural value, the five aspects of landscape value.
(3) through the investigation of the Storied Building of Yongding World Heritage combined with the related theory, in-depth analysis of Hakka culture in earthen settlements, summed up the four characteristics of the world heritage Storied Building of Yongding downwind settlement landscape smooth settlement location, to enhance the quality of the feng shui of afforestation, the level of scattered, changeful and simple and natural landscape the settlement landscape color, shows the guidance and influence of Hakka culture on earth village construction.
Deeply reflect the Hakka culture in earthen buildings in the landscape, from the strange living style, the harmony between man and nature of the building structure, simple and perfect construction details, strong defense system and urged the five aspects of improving plaque couplets comprehensive display of Hakka culture contained in the earthen building, confirmed the relationship between Storied Building of Yongding and Hakka culture can not be separated, in addition to the Hakka culture in religion, folk activities, food culture, language songs on the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape rich has carried on the comprehensive elaboration, further emphasizes the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection and Hakka cultural heritage protection complement each other's importance.
(4) in the aesthetic Chinese classical garden landscape engineering, landscape design, landscape ecology, culture, ecology and other disciplines related theory guidance, put forward the principle of the five protection of Hakka culture under the background of the Storied Building of Yongding World Heritage Landscape Based on the conservation principle, overall protection principles, the principle of ecological priority, the principle of people-oriented and the principle of reasonable development. By analyzing the current situation and causes of the investigation in the process of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection of Hakka culture in the world heritage Storied Building of Yongding retained for consideration.
(5) conducted a field survey with the status of the Storied Building of Yongding world heritage landscape protection, analysis of examples of the problems left alive landscape and main problems, according to the problems, puts forward seven corresponding protection approaches, including: ecological restoration, preservation of buildings settlement pattern; repair the old as old recovery, the earth building appearance; keep pace with the times, improve the earthen infrastructure; dig, create a Hakka cultural atmosphere; refined symbol, brand landscape image; expand the channels, improve the interpretation of publicity system; interactive development, increase cultural exchange way. Taking Yongding hongkeng folk culture village landscape planning as a case to study the inheritance of Hakka culture in the process of landscape protection and development of World Heritage in Storied Building of Yongding, for the protection of Hakka culture under the background of World Heritage earthen landscape and construction based on the theory and practice to provide The guide, also provide theoretical and practical guidance for the protection of world heritage and other cultural background and development

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.5

【参考文献】