砖砌体结构抗震加固模拟地震振动台试验研究
本文关键词: 钢筋网水泥砂浆面层 抗震加固 砌体结构 振动台试验 出处:《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2013年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:历次震害表明,未经设防或者依照早期规范设防的砌体结构震害较为严重,造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。本文以该类砖砌体结构为研究对象,通过模拟地震振动台试验验证了钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固方法的有效性,给出砌体结构破坏状态判别方法,为砌体结构特别是老旧砌体结构进行抗震鉴定和加固提供借鉴与参考,对该类量大面广的城乡房屋的防震减灾有着重要的实用价值。 首先按照上世纪70年代抗震规范设计了一栋抗震设防为VII度的三层砖砌体办公楼,经抗震鉴定,需要进行抗震加固。采用钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固方法仅对一、二层进行加固,三层作为对比层未进行加固,按照1:4的缩尺比例得到试验模型。对模型制作中的关键技术进行研究,,包括模型砖块尺寸的确定,钢丝网、水泥砂浆、砖砌体的材料协同工作等方面;给出了模型材料的选择、相似关系的确定、构造措施的做法、加固面层的做法等;详述了模型中各个构件的实现方式以及细节构造措施。确定了模拟地震振动台试验方案,包括墙体竖向压应力的模拟、模型人工质量和相似关系的确定,测试仪器及应变片的布置方案,地震动的选择和输入工况的确定等。 其次完成该模型的模拟地震振动台试验,对试验现象和试验数据进行分析,试验分为三个阶段。通过试验中加固楼层和未加固楼层、加固前和加固后的整体结构、有无构造性措施等对比,对墙体主要裂缝的分布、局部构造性措施的作用等问题进行了分析。试验结果表明,采用钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固后的砖砌体结构抗震能力有较大程度的提高,加固层可到达到IX度“中震可修”和“大震不倒”的设防要求,而含未加固三层的整体结构抗震烈度至少可提高一度达到VIII度抗震设防要求;加固前后楼层薄弱部位不同,破坏模式发生了改变,加固层的耗能和安全性均优于未加固层;加固面层和原有墙体在地震作用下能很好的共同受力;加固面层中配筋加强带和原砖墙中的圈梁、拉结筋等构造措施能起到很好的抗倒塌作用。通过模型加速度反应、位移反应和应变反应等试验数据分析,结构一、二层加固后,未加固的三层加速度放大系数和层间位移发生突变,地震作用在抗侧力构件上的分配和计算时趋势一致,加固后整体结构变形曲线呈弯曲型。 最后讨论了砌体结构破坏状态的判别方法,包括抗震能力和破坏模式两个方面的判别。对鉴定规范的综合抗震能力指数和杨玉成方法中抗震能力系数这两个概念进行深入探讨,将杨玉成方法引入到抗震鉴定中,仍然采用现行鉴定规范的简单形式,给出三水准抗震能力判别方法,同时给出了基于地震动参数的计算公式;以墙片试验数据为基础,对墙片不同破坏模式的发生条件进行了讨论,给出破坏模式的实用判别方法。采用本文给出的结构破坏状态判别方法对三个算例进行数值计算,与震害结果相对比,验证了方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Previous earthquakes shows that without fortification or in accordance with the early seismic damage of masonry structure specification design is more serious, causing serious casualties and property losses. In this paper, the brick masonry structure as the research object, through the shaking table test to verify the effectiveness of strengthening method of reinforced cement mortar surface layer, state identification method given the damage of masonry structure, masonry structure especially old masonry structure seismic evaluation and strengthening for reference, the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the large volume of urban housing has an important practical value.
According to the first century 70s seismic design of a seismic fortification to VII. Three layers of brick masonry building, the seismic evaluation, need for seismic reinforcement. The reinforced mortar layers of a strengthening method, two layer reinforcement, three layer as the contrast layer is not in accordance with the scale of reinforcement the 1:4 test model. Research on Key Technologies of model making, including the determination of the size of the wire mesh model, bricks, cement mortar, masonry materials to work together and so on; given the selection of model materials, the determination of similarity relation, structural measures, strengthening the surface layer of the practices described; each component in the model implementation details and construction measures. The shaking table test program, including simulation of vertical wall stress, determine the model of artificial quality and similarity relation, tester The arrangement of the device and the strain gauge, the selection of the ground motion and the determination of the input condition.
Secondly, the shaking table test of the model, the experimental phenomena and analyze the test data, the test is divided into three stages. Through the experiment in strengthening floors and strengthened floors, the overall structure before and after strengthening, there is no constructive measures such as contrast, distribution of major cracks in the wall, the local structure of the effect of measures are discussed. Experimental results show that the reinforced mortar layers reinforced brick masonry structure seismic capacity has greatly improved, the reinforcing layer to reach IX degrees "in the earthquake can repair requirements" and "earthquake does not fall" and without fortification, the overall seismic strengthening three layer structure intensity can be improved at least once reached VIII degrees seismic fortification requirements; reinforced floor weak parts of different, changed the failure mode, strengthening energy consumption and safety level are higher than those of reinforced layer; surface strengthening The original layer and the wall can be a very good common stress under earthquake; reinforcement layer in reinforcing belt and the original brick wall of the ring beam, Rachel tendons and other structural measures can play a very good role. Through the model of anti collapse acceleration response, displacement response and strain response data and test analysis, structure a two storey reinforced, UN reinforced three layer acceleration amplification coefficient and displacement mutation, the earthquake distribution in the lateral components and the calculation of the same trend, after strengthening the overall structure of curvebending type.
Finally discusses the discrimination method of damage state of masonry structure, including two aspects distinguishing seismic capacity and damage mode. To explore the two concepts of seismic capacity of comprehensive seismic capacity index appraisal standard and method of Yang Yucheng coefficient, the Yang Yucheng method was introduced to seismic evaluation, still using the simple form of the current identification code. The discriminant method of seismic capacity are three level, and gives the calculation formula based on the ground motion parameters; based on the test data of wall based on the wall condition of different failure modes were discussed, given the failure mode of the practical discriminant method. State estimation method is used in the numerical calculation of three examples using this structure damage the comparison with the damage results, verify the feasibility of the method.
【学位授予单位】:中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:TU352.11;TU364
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