高层建筑火灾疏散方案研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 04:21

本文关键词： 高层火灾电梯混合疏散策略数学模型遗传算法　出处：《北京邮电大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来高层火灾事故频发,如何高效可靠地将受灾人员疏散至安全地带成为全社会关注问题。论文以此为研究背景,从提高人员疏散效率和缩短疏散时间角度出发,对于高层建筑火灾中的混合疏散策略进行了深入地研究。论文首先论证了高层建筑火灾中使用电梯用于人员疏散的可行性,并探讨了利用电梯疏散时间段的控制问题。随后论文分析了传统电梯和楼梯疏散所存在的诸多弊端,提出了将电梯和楼梯有机结合的混合疏散策略。论文所提出混合疏散方式既可以发挥出电梯疏散在较长距离上的速度优势,又可以使楼梯分流较低楼层的受灾人员,弥补电梯疏散的不足,以达到全建筑物疏散效果的最优化。在混合疏散策略的基础上,论文又通过建立数学模型分析了受灾人群利用电梯和楼梯进行疏散的行为特点,并利用具体建筑物为算例,证明了所提出的混合疏散策略的优越性。最后,论文利用遗传算法对某建筑物的最优疏散方案进行求解,论证了混合疏散策略的正确性和普遍适用性
[Abstract]:In recent years, frequent high level fire accidents, how to efficiently and reliably evacuate the affected people to safety has become a concern of the whole society. This paper takes this as the research background. In order to improve the evacuation efficiency and shorten the evacuation time, the mixed evacuation strategy in high-rise building fire is studied deeply. Firstly, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of using elevator to evacuate people in high-rise building fire. Then the paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional elevator and staircase evacuation. The mixed evacuation strategy which combines elevator and staircase is put forward. The mixed evacuation mode proposed in this paper can not only give play to the speed advantage of elevator evacuation in long distance. It can also make the stairs separate the lower floor of the affected people, make up for the lack of elevator evacuation, in order to achieve the optimization of the evacuation effect of the whole building, on the basis of mixed evacuation strategy. Through the establishment of mathematical models to analyze the evacuation behavior of the affected people using elevators and staircases, and using concrete buildings as an example to prove the superiority of the proposed mixed evacuation strategy. In this paper, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal evacuation scheme of a building, and the correctness and universal applicability of the mixed evacuation strategy are demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.1

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