转型期中国FDI空间分布、来源地与利用效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 07:18

本文关键词： 外商直接投资空间分布时空演化中国　出处：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在经济全球化进程中,资本、资源、技术和劳动力重新组合建立国际劳动分工体系,拥有雄厚资金和发达技术的国家转移国内资本以获得最大收益。外商直接投资是全球化过程中最重要的经济现象,也是跨国公司进行境外扩张的根本手段。在投资国获得利益和占领市场的同时,引资国也获得了优势发展资本、先进的技术、现代管理技能等,两者各有所获。改革开放以来,中国利用FDI经历了一个从数量小、范围窄、限制多的试点阶段逐步发展到全方位、多层次、宽领域的全面开放的格局。中国经济作为一个成功的转型经济,从20世纪90年代以来一直是吸引外商直接投资最多的发展中国家,FDI的大规模流入为我国经济增长、技术进步、产业升级、扩大就业和对外贸易发展提供了巨大的推动作用,改变着我国的经济结构、产业空间结构、产业组织结构及市场结构,加速了与世界经济的融合。在相关理论分析的基础上,本文首先利用竞争态方法,对改革开放以来中国利用FDI空间分布格局、时间和空间演化规律进行了分析,发现我国利用FDI发展在经历一个由高度集中分布逐步转向有选择地转移扩散的过程,即FDI在向中西部地区转移扩散时,主要是选取经济发展水平较好、基础设施较为完善、资源密集、政策优惠等投资环境良好的省会城市、直辖市或资源密集型城市。其次,采用偏好度和竞争态模型分析我国FDI来源的变化趋势和特征,以把握我国FDI来源地的时空结构特征。FDI来源和规模在逐渐拓宽及持续壮大,整体上我国FDI来源地表现出“欧洲偏爱北方、亚洲偏爱南方”现象,我国FDI来源多样性提高和FDI来源地的投资格局重新洗牌。并利用数据包络模型(DEA)分析了我国不同地区利用FDI的效率情况,我国FDI利用效率并没不理想,FDI利用综合效率经历从“大分散-小集中”与“大集中-小分散”并存逐步转变为“大集中-小分散”为主导的空间分布局面,FDI利用存在冗余和不足并存的现象。最后,分析了影响我国FDI空间分布的因素,探讨了随着社会经济发展影响FDI转移的动因,构建了FDI区位选择的“推拉”模型,FDI西移的基本条件是FDI盈利最大化的机会与地方具备承接FDI能力的统一。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, capital, resources, technology and labor force are recombined to establish the international division of labor system. Foreign direct investment is the most important economic phenomenon in the process of globalization. It is also the fundamental means for multinational corporations to expand abroad. While the investment countries gain the benefits and occupy the market, the foreign investment countries also obtain the advantages of development capital, advanced technology, modern management skills and so on. Both have their own gains. Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced a small number, narrow scope, more restrictions of the pilot phase to develop to all-round, multi-level. China's economy, as a successful transition economy, has been the developing country attracting the most foreign direct investment since 1990s. The large-scale inflow of FDI has provided a huge impetus for China's economic growth, technological progress, industrial upgrading, expansion of employment and foreign trade development, and has changed the economic structure and industrial spatial structure of our country. Industrial organization structure and market structure, accelerated the integration with the world economy. On the basis of relevant theoretical analysis, this paper first uses the competitive state method to analyze the spatial distribution pattern, temporal and spatial evolution of FDI in China since the reform and opening up. It is found that the development of FDI in China is going through a process from highly concentrated distribution to selective transfer and diffusion, that is, when FDI is transferred to the central and western regions, the main choice of economic development level is better. Capital cities, municipalities directly under the Central Government or resource-intensive cities with better investment environment, such as better infrastructure, intensive resources and preferential policies. Secondly, we use preference degree and competitive state model to analyze the trend and characteristics of FDI sources in China. In order to grasp the characteristics of space-time structure of FDI origin in China. The origin and scale of FDI are gradually widened and continue to grow. On the whole, China's FDI origin shows a "preference for the north in Europe and a preference for the south in Asia". The diversity of FDI sources in China and the reshuffle of the investment pattern of FDI sources are reshuffled, and the efficiency of using FDI in different regions of China is analyzed by using data Envelopment Model (DEAA). The utilization efficiency of FDI in China is not unsatisfactory. By using the comprehensive efficiency, FDI has gradually changed from the coexistence of "big decentralization-small concentration" and "large concentration-small dispersion" to a spatial distribution situation dominated by "large centralization and small dispersion". There is redundancy and deficiency in FDI utilization. Finally, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the spatial distribution of FDI in China, probes into the factors that influence the transfer of FDI with the development of social economy, and constructs the "push-pull" model of FDI location selection. The basic condition of FDI moving westward is the unification of the opportunity of maximizing FDI profit and the local ability to undertake FDI.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124;TU982.2

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