SMA阻尼器耗能减震结构的数值模拟

发布时间：2018-01-21 15:02

本文关键词： 被动控制形状记忆合金阻尼器数值模拟时程分析　出处：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy）具有独特而优异的形状记忆效应、超弹性、高阻尼和耐腐蚀特性，近年来吸引着土木工程师的关注。记忆合金的超弹性是指材料在外力作用下会发生马氏体相变，产生较大的变形，应力去除后会发生马氏体逆相变，并恢复到原来的形状。目前，利用记忆合金的超弹性可以耗能，开发出了很多记忆合金阻尼器，同时，这类阻尼器可以实现自复位特性。利用自复位的记忆合金阻尼器进行耗能减震时，不需要外部能量的输入，结构没有残余侧移，值得重视。目前，大部分振动控制分析软件是通过数学模型来描述阻尼器的滞回曲线，从而得到被动控制结构的地震动响应，因而这种分析耗时较少，但精度会受到数学模型的限制。记忆合金材料属于高度非线性材料，环境温度与马氏体含量直接影响材料的力学性能，本文在基于材料本构模型基础上进行了自复位记忆合金阻尼器减震结构的数值模拟，，具体工作如下：（1）介绍了记忆合金的力学性能，并对材料的本构模型进行了归纳总结。对比了Tanaka、Liang和Brinson等唯象理论本构模型，并利用Brinson本构模型对材料的力学性能进行了模拟，该模型将中间变量-即马氏体含量，分为应力与温度引起的部分，能精确的描述材料的超弹性与形状记忆特性。（2）针对一种自复位记忆合金阻尼器，介绍了其构造特点和力学模型。利用Brinson本构模型，通过Matlab编程来描述阻尼器的力-位移滞回性能。编程的做法是：给阻尼器施加往复位移荷载，在每个位移步上通过Brinson模型计算记忆合金丝的马氏体含量与应力，进而得到阻尼器耗能组的反力，叠加阻尼器回位组的反力后得到阻尼器的总反力。（3）对利用自复位记忆合金阻尼器耗能减震的单层、多层框架进行了受力分析，并通过编程计算有控结构的地震动响应，对比无控结构计算结果分析阻尼器的减震效果。有控结构编程的做法是：建立结构的动力方程，并考虑楼层侧移引起的阻尼器反力，通过Wilson-θ法计算结构在时域内的结构动力响应。（4）运用Sap2000软件对多层框架进行分析，并将结果与MATLAB软件编程结果对比。验证所编程序的可行性。
[Abstract]:Shape Memory alloy has unique and excellent shape memory effect, super elasticity, high damping and corrosion resistance. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of civil engineers. The superelasticity of memory alloy is that martensite transformation occurs under external force, resulting in large deformation, and the reverse martensite transformation occurs after stress removal. At present, many memory alloy dampers have been developed by using the super-elasticity of the memory alloy to consume energy. This kind of dampers can realize the characteristics of self-reset. When the self-reset memory alloy damper is used for energy dissipation, the input of external energy is not required, and there is no residual lateral shift of the structure, which is worthy of attention. Most of the vibration control analysis software describes the hysteresis curve of the damper by mathematical model, so the response of the passive control structure to ground motion is obtained, so this analysis takes less time. But the precision will be limited by the mathematical model. Memory alloy materials belong to highly nonlinear materials. Ambient temperature and martensite content directly affect the mechanical properties of the materials. In this paper, based on the material constitutive model, the numerical simulation of self-reset memory alloy damper structure is carried out. The main work is as follows: 1) the mechanical properties of the memory alloy are introduced, and the constitutive models of the materials are summarized and compared with the phenomenological constitutive models such as Tanaka Liang and Brinson. The Brinson constitutive model is used to simulate the mechanical properties of the material. The intermediate variable, that is, the content of martensite, is divided into two parts: stress and temperature. It can accurately describe the hyperelastic and shape memory properties of materials. The structural characteristics and mechanical model of a self-reset memory alloy damper are introduced. The Brinson constitutive model is used. The force displacement hysteretic performance of the damper is described by Matlab programming. The programming method is to apply reciprocating displacement load to the damper. The martensite content and stress of the memory alloy wire were calculated by Brinson model at each displacement step, and then the reaction force of the damper energy dissipation group was obtained. The total reaction force of the damper is obtained after adding the reaction force of the return group of the damper. 3) the single-layer and multi-layer frame with self-reset memory alloy damper is analyzed, and the ground motion response of the controlled structure is calculated by programming. Compared with the calculation results of uncontrolled structure, the damping effect of damper is analyzed. The programming method of controlled structure is to establish the dynamic equation of the structure, and to consider the damper reaction force caused by the lateral shift of the floor. The dynamic response of the structure in time domain is calculated by the Wilson- 胃 method. Finally, the Sap2000 software is used to analyze the multi-layer framework, and the results are compared with the results of MATLAB software programming to verify the feasibility of the program.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU352.1

【参考文献】