城市地下空间开发利用问题的探索与实践

发布时间：2018-01-31 17:59

本文关键词： 城市地下空间开发利用效益评价　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人口增长、城市化进程的推进，全世界都在需求更多的城市空间。当今全世界人口已超过70亿，其中有超过一半的人口居住在城市。而且在接下来的数十年间，这一数字还将快速增长，预计2050年总人口将达90亿，并将有70%的人口居住在城市。这样一来，对于政府而言，维持城市生活的宜居性是一大挑战。开发地下空间对城市建设至关重要，因为基础设施以及各类建筑物的空间布置在常规的城市规划中已经越来越难。地下空间的利用为城市的基础设施、生活服务设施提供了新的空间，且不以消耗宝贵的地面空间为代价，因此城市可以保留其珍贵的地面公共空间，即使地面利用了，也可以开发地下空间。此外，城市之外的大规模国土资源也有很大地下空间开发利用的潜力。无论是建筑师还是城市规划师，现在都在着眼于地下空间的利用，这能使他们为开发新空间而一展身手。为此，国际隧协提出了开发利用地下空间，开始人类新的“穴居”时代的口号。地下空间已成为最触手可及而又未被充分开发的资源，历久弥新，弥足珍贵。城市地下空间的开发利用是保证城市可持续发展的充分和必要条件。“城市病”的出现已经为传统的城市发展模式敲响了警钟，而城市地下空间所具有的有别于城市地面及地上空间的特性能很好的弥补传统城市发展模式的缺点。城市地下空间的开发利用既能医治广泛存在的“城市病”，还能在很大程度上促进城市的集约化发展，促进城市中心区商业的融合并向更高的形态演进，这在传统城市发展模式下是不可想象的。当一个城市的经济水平发展到了一定的程度时，城市就有了对地下空间开发利用的需求，不同的城市规模和城市扩展方式则会对城市地下空间的利用方式和开发规模有不同的选择。对于地下空间的利用，人类已经有了较为丰富的经验，，如用于交通、市政公用设施、公共服务、防灾、生产、储藏等的各种利用形式，其中用于交通是城市开发利用地下空间的主要目的，这也是医治“城市病”的一剂良药。随着城市发展要求的不断提升及施工技术的不断完善，大型的地下综合体已经成了未来城市地下空间开发利用的方向。众多功能不同的地下设施构筑在一起，对城市地下空间的布局也提出了更高的要求。南京的新街口是南京市综合利用地下空间的典型代表。本文以南京新街口为例，对新街口地下空间开发的动因、功能、开发模式、利用形态等加以分析，并用层次分析法评价了其开发效用。
[Abstract]:With the growth of population and the advancement of urbanization, more urban space is needed all over the world. Today, the population of the world has exceeded 7 billion. More than half of the population lives in cities. And that number will grow rapidly over the next few decades, with a projected population of 9 billion in 2050. And 70% of the population will live in cities. As a result, maintaining livability in cities is a challenge for the government. The development of underground space is crucial to urban construction. The use of underground space provides a new space for urban infrastructure and living service facilities because of the fact that the space arrangement of infrastructure and various kinds of buildings has become more and more difficult in the conventional urban planning. And do not consume valuable ground space as the cost, so the city can retain its precious ground public space, even if the ground use, can also develop underground space. In addition. Large scale land resources outside the city also have great potential for the development and utilization of underground space. Both architects and city planners are now focusing on the use of underground space. This will enable them to develop new space. For this reason, the International tunneling Association proposed the development and utilization of underground space. The underground space has become the most accessible and not fully developed resources, old and precious. The development and utilization of urban underground space is a sufficient and necessary condition to ensure the sustainable development of the city. The emergence of "urban disease" has sounded the alarm for the traditional urban development model. However, the characteristics of urban underground space are different from those of urban surface and above ground space. The development and utilization of urban underground space can cure the widespread "urban diseases". It can also promote the intensive development of the city to a large extent, promote the integration of the commercial areas in the urban center and evolve to a higher form, which is unimaginable under the traditional urban development model. When the economic level of a city has developed to a certain extent, the city has a need for the development and utilization of underground space. Different urban scale and urban expansion mode will have different options for the use and development of urban underground space. For the use of underground space, human beings have a relatively rich experience, such as the use of traffic. Municipal public facilities, public services, disaster prevention, production, storage and other forms of utilization, in which traffic is the main purpose of urban development and utilization of underground space. This is also a good medicine for the treatment of "urban diseases." with the continuous upgrading of the requirements of urban development and the continuous improvement of construction technology. Large-scale underground complex has become the direction of the development and utilization of urban underground space in the future. Many underground facilities with different functions are constructed together, which puts forward higher requirements for the layout of urban underground space. The Xinjiakou of Nanjing is a typical representative of the comprehensive utilization of underground space in Nanjing. This paper takes Xinjiakou as an example to analyze the motivation, function, development mode and utilization form of the underground space in Xinjiakou. The development utility is evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.113

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