藻类的氧化效果和消毒副产物荧光特征研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 22:54

本文关键词： 藻类氧化消毒副产物荧光光谱 Zeta电位 SOD酶活性　出处：《上海大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水源水中的藻类会产生异嗅、异味和色度等问题，因此藻类去除是给水处理中重要的任务。本文以某饮用水源水库为对象，开展了为期9个月的藻类种类分布调查，初步探讨了荧光法用于藻类计数的可行性；以铜绿微囊藻为研宄对象，探讨了臭氧氧化和紫外辐照过程中铜绿微囊藻的荧光特征值的变化及其与其它指标的相关性；着重研宄了溴消毒剂处理藻类时消毒副产物的组成和产生规律，并初步开展了溴仿（CHBr3)前体物的荧光相关性分析，以便能够通过荧光检测为藻类原位检测提供一种快速有效的手段、为藻类去除提供科学依据。本文获得的主要研宄结果和结论如下所示： (1)水库水中藻类，秋季时蓝藻为优势种，占55%以上；蓝藻中铜绿微囊藻和小颤藻最为常见。冬季时硅藻为优势种，达86%以上；其中小环藻最为常见。春季时优势种类演替较为复杂，由隐藻逐步演替为硅藻和绿藻；随着气温的升高，硅藻比例由88.7%下降为42.8%，而绿藻比例逐渐提高至44.3%，绿藻中小球藻较为常见。夏季时以蓝藻为优势种，其中以铜绿微囊藻数量最多。 (2)不同种类的藻类的荧光光谱会有所差异，这使得用荧光对藻类计数成为可能。首次尝试了把类蛋白区荧光指标与常用色素荧光指标结合，测定铜绿微囊藻、小环藻、蛋白核小球藻、小颤藻、以及四种藻类混合藻液的细胞密度的方法。该方法可较好地对铜绿微囊藻、小环藻和蛋白核小球藻进行定量，但不适用线状的小颤藻。此外，该方法当藻类密度在3xl04个/mL至7xl05个/mL范围内有较好的精度。 (3)臭氧氧化和紫外辐照均对藻细胞有明显的去除作用，臭氧对藻细胞的去除效率远优于紫外辐照。通入臭氧后，藻液中色素区和类蛋白区荧光响应强度明显降低；紫外辐照结果类似臭氧氧化。荧光光谱T峰强度与铜绿微囊藻液的Zeta电位和SOD酶活性具有一定相关性。而色素区荧光光谱与叶绿素a浓度相关。 (4)与次氯酸消毒副产物生成潜能对比，溴消毒剂中自由溴的参与改变了消毒副产物组成、生成了溴代消毒副产物，但是溴消毒剂与氯消毒剂除藻时产生的总三卤甲烷摩尔浓度相近。二溴乙腈和三溴甲烷是溴消毒剂的主要副产物。三卤甲烷生成量随pH增加而增加，而卤乙腈水解作用生成浓度随pH增大而减少。因此可能存在一个最佳pH，平衡THMs生成碱催化反应和HANs水解碱催化反应，，使副产物的综合毒性最小。 (5)荧光光谱特征值与消毒副产物前体物浓度之间有关联。类腐植酸区荧光响应强度高，相应的消毒副产物生成浓度大。类腐植酸区的C峰荧光强度与溴仿生成浓度呈正相关关系（P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Algae in source water will produce odour, odour and chromaticity, so algae removal is an important task in water treatment. This paper takes a drinking water source reservoir as an object. A nine-month investigation of algae species distribution was carried out, and the feasibility of using fluorescence method in algae counting was discussed. The change of fluorescence characteristic value of microcystis aeruginosa during ozone oxidation and ultraviolet irradiation and its correlation with other indexes were studied. The composition and production regularity of disinfection by-products of bromine disinfectant in algae treatment were studied, and the fluorescence correlation analysis of brominated CHBr3 precursor was preliminarily carried out. In order to provide a rapid and effective method for in situ detection of algae by fluorescence detection, and provide scientific basis for algae removal. The main results and conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) algae in reservoir water, cyanobacteria are dominant species in autumn, accounting for more than 55%; Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorophyta are the most common in cyanobacteria. Diatoms are the dominant species in winter, reaching more than 86%. The dominant species succession was more complicated in spring, and the succession from Cryptophaga to diatom and chlorophyta was the most common in spring. With the increase of air temperature, the proportion of diatoms decreased from 88.7% to 42.8, while the proportion of green algae gradually increased to 44.3. Chlorella is more common in green algae, and cyanobacteria is the dominant species in summer. The number of microcystis aeruginosa was the most. (2) the fluorescence spectra of different species of algae will be different, which makes it possible to count algae with fluorescence. The first attempt is to combine the fluorescent index of protein-like region with the common pigment fluorescence index. The cell density of microcystis aeruginosa, microcystis microcystis, Chlorella proteinuca, Chlorella vulgaris, and four algae mixed algae solution was determined by this method, which could be used to treat microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorella microphylla and Chlorella Proteinuca were quantified, but they were not suitable for linear Chlorella. In addition, the method had a good accuracy when the algae density was in the range of 3xl04 / mL to 7xl05 / mL. 3) both ozone oxidation and ultraviolet irradiation can remove algal cells obviously, and the removal efficiency of ozone is much better than that of ultraviolet irradiation. The fluorescence response intensity of pigment and protein-like regions in algae solution was significantly decreased. The results of ultraviolet irradiation were similar to those of ozone oxidation. The intensity of T peak of fluorescence spectrum was correlated with the Zeta potential and the activity of SOD enzyme in microcystis aeruginosa, while the fluorescence spectrum of pigment region was related to the concentration of chlorophyll a. Compared with hypochloric acid disinfection by-product formation potential, the participation of free bromine in bromine disinfectant changed the composition of disinfection by-product and formed brominated disinfection by-product. However, the molar concentrations of total trihalomethane produced by bromine disinfectant and chlorine disinfectant were similar. Dibromoacetonitrile and tribromomethane were the main by-products of bromine disinfectant. The amount of trihalomethane production increased with the increase of pH. However, the concentration of Halogene-acetonitrile hydrolysis decreased with the increase of pH. Therefore, there may be an optimal pH to balance the alkali catalytic reaction of THMs and HANs hydrolysis alkali-catalyzed reaction. The comprehensive toxicity of by-products is minimized. The fluorescence spectrum characteristic value was correlated with the concentration of disinfection by-product precursor, and the fluorescence response intensity in humic acid-like region was high. The C peak fluorescence intensity in the humic acid region was positively correlated with the bromine bionic concentration.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X173;TU991.2

【参考文献】