基于ESDA的新疆城市化空间格局演变研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:47

本文关键词： 空间格局探索性空间数据分析城市扩展时空变化新疆　出处：《新疆师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市化是衡量一个区域经济发展状况的重要指标之一，它是伴随着现代化发展和分工细化而产生的人口向城镇集中的过程。在回顾建国以来新疆城市化发展历程的基础上，从新疆城市化发展的区域特点、城市时空分布的动态变化特征、规律及未来发展趋势等方面进行分析。借助ESDA技术从空间相关的视角客观分析新疆各县域城市化发展水平空间差异，全面揭示新疆城市化的空间过程、分布形态和演变规律。利用不同时相的遥感数据，提取城市空间信息，研究新疆各城市的用地空间扩张、演变过程。为绿洲城市的可持续发展提供科学依据，为构建有序的区域空间结构、协调区域城市化发展提供决策依据。利用统计分析方法和ESDA方法，在ArcGIS和GeoDA等技术软件的支持下，对1978—2009年新疆县域城市化格局时空演变进行了分析，得到结论如下：（1）新疆区域间城市化发展水平不平衡，呈现“北高南低、东疆居中”的格局。从区域城市化水平相对差距来看，北疆、东疆均经历了先波动下降再波动上升的过程，南疆除了1990年和2005出现较明显峰值外，总体变化幅度不大。从绝对差异看，区域城市化水平差异均呈现逐年递减的态势，说明各区域的城市化水平的绝对差距呈缩小的趋势，各城市保持较好的发展势头。（2）由计算结果的分析可知，县域城市化水平的空间自相关测度Morans′I由1978年的0.2065上升至2009年的0.4414，表明城市化水平格局的空间集聚性在不断增强，在空间上具有高值簇和低值簇的现象，城市化空间分异的结构化特征明显。从局域自相关分析可以看出，区域间具有较明显的两极分化趋势，其城市化空间上表现出明显的内、外差异性。揭示出新疆城市化水平在空间分布上的不均衡性，体现了北疆高，南疆低的基本格局。在上述研究的基础上，以新疆16座具有代表性的城市为研究对象，运用多时相卫星遥感资料，并结合城市扩展强度、扩展速率以及城市空间形态紧凑度和分形维数等指标评价方法，分析1990-2010年以来新疆城市扩展时空动态变化的过程和特征。研究结果表明：(1)新疆城市的空间分布由其独特的自然环境和绿洲经济所决定，许多城市的发展依托于绿洲，，城镇的形成具有“亲水性”的特点，由于新疆地域辽阔，交通干线附近往往形成城镇相对集中的城市带或城市群。（2）南北疆城市之间在扩展速度及强度上存在较明显的差异，位于北疆天山北坡经济带上的城市大多属于扩展速度相对较快、扩展强度相对较大的扩张类型，而南疆城市的扩展速度则相对较慢、扩展强度也相对较小。（3）通过对城市紧凑度和分维数变化的分析发现，新疆城市平均紧凑度呈下降趋势，而分形维数呈增长的趋势，说明整体上新疆城市空间结构有趋于松散化的趋势，城市的空间结构不够合理，有待改善。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is one of the important indicators to measure the economic development of a region. It is a process of population concentration in cities and towns resulting from the development of modernization and division of labor. On the basis of reviewing the development of urbanization in Xinjiang since the founding of the people's Republic of China, From the regional characteristics of urbanization development in Xinjiang, the dynamic changes of urban spatial and temporal distribution, In order to reveal the spatial process of urbanization in Xinjiang, the spatial differences of urbanization level in different counties in Xinjiang are analyzed objectively by using ESDA technology from the perspective of spatial correlation. Using remote sensing data of different phases to extract urban spatial information, to study the spatial expansion and evolution process of cities in Xinjiang, to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of oasis cities. It provides the decision basis for constructing orderly regional spatial structure and coordinating the development of regional urbanization. By using statistical analysis method and ESDA method, with the support of technical software such as ArcGIS and GeoDA, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of urbanization pattern in Xinjiang from 1978 to 2009. The conclusion is as follows: 1) Water balance of urbanization development among regions in Xinjiang. The pattern of "north high and south low, east Xinjiang middle". From the relative disparity of regional urbanization level, north Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang all experienced the process of first fluctuation and then rising, except 1990 and 2005, there were obvious peaks in southern Xinjiang. From the perspective of absolute difference, the difference of regional urbanization level is decreasing year by year, which indicates that the absolute disparity of urbanization level of each region is decreasing. Based on the analysis of the calculated results, the spatial autocorrelation measure Morans'I of the urbanization level in the county area increased from 0.2065 in 1978 to 0.4414 in 2009, indicating that the spatial agglomeration of the urbanization level pattern is increasing. There are high value clusters and low value clusters in space, and the structural characteristics of spatial differentiation of urbanization are obvious. From the local autocorrelation analysis, it can be seen that there is a more obvious polarization trend between regions, and the urbanization space shows obvious internal. It reveals the imbalance in the spatial distribution of the urbanization level in Xinjiang, and reflects the basic pattern of high and low levels in the north and south of Xinjiang. On the basis of the above research, taking 16 representative cities in Xinjiang as the research object, using multiphase satellite remote sensing data and combining with the intensity of urban expansion, The method of evaluating the expansion rate, the compact degree of urban space and the fractal dimension, This paper analyzes the process and characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamic changes of urban expansion in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2010. The results show that the spatial distribution of Xinjiang cities is determined by their unique natural environment and oasis economy, and the development of many cities depends on oasis. The formation of cities and towns has the characteristics of "hydrophilic". Due to the vast territory of Xinjiang, there are obvious differences in the expansion speed and intensity between the cities in the north and the south of Xinjiang, because of the formation of relatively concentrated urban belts or urban agglomerations in the vicinity of the main traffic lines. Most of the cities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in the north of Xinjiang belong to the type of expansion with relatively fast expansion speed and relatively large expansion intensity, while the cities in southern Xinjiang are relatively slow to expand. Based on the analysis of the changes of urban compactness and fractal dimension, it is found that the average urban compactness in Xinjiang is decreasing, while the fractal dimension is increasing. It shows that the urban spatial structure of Xinjiang tends to be loosened, and the urban spatial structure is not reasonable and needs to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.113

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