城市公园老年人户外活动空间设计探讨

发布时间：2018-03-02 13:25

本文选题：老年人　切入点：城市公园　出处：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化逐步增快,已成为世界性问题,对我们的社会、经济等各方面都产生了巨大影响。如何应对人口老龄化,是全社会需共同面对的课题。目前,城市公园老年人户外活动空间已经成为老年人活动的主要场所。所以,研究城市公园老年人户外活动空间的建设,为老年人创造一个良好的城市生活户外活动环境,使他们与社会建立必要的、良好的联系,具有非常重要的意义。本文以重庆市城市公园老年人户外活动空间为例,对建设适宜老年人的城市公园绿地展开研究,运用了理论研究、调查统计、文献资料收集归纳、理论与实践相结合等研究方法,分析老年人的普遍生理、心理特点及相应需求,以及老年人在参与户外活动时的特殊生理、心理特点及相应需求,归纳目前城市公园老年人户外活动的类型、需求以及相应活动空间的布局、分类、构成要素,然后探讨适宜建设城市公园老年人户外活动空间的规划设计策略,最后结合实际案例对规划设计策略进行补充、论证。经过初步研究得到以下结论：第一,老年人的生理特征与其他年龄阶段的人群存在较大差异,他们的神经机能、感知机能、肌肉骨骼运动机能、心血管机能、呼吸机能、皮肤调节温度机能等呈现一定的衰老现象。因为有这些独特的生理特征,所以老年人对户外活动及户外活动空间也有其特殊需求,如安全需求、舒适需求、健身需求等。第二,老年人的整体心理状况同其他年龄阶段的人群相比,呈现更多的不良情绪,因而显得更为脆弱、需要社会为其提供更多关注。常见的老年人不良情绪有失落感、孤寂感、疑虑感、抑郁感、恐惧感等。通过相关研究,发现进行户外活动能够缓和老年人的不良情绪,所以应为老年人创造适宜的公园户外活动空间,鼓励他们积极进行户外活动。第三,公园内老年人的户外活动多种多样,总体来说,可以分为四大类：休闲类、健身类、交往类、文化类。每种类型的活动都有其相应的特点。活动与活动空间相辅相成,所以不同类型的活动需要不同类型的活动空间,例如集体活动如合唱团、舞蹈表演等就需要大型、开敞的活动空间。第四,根据公园老年人户外活动的特点,宜处理好不同活动空间之间的关系,既要彼此独立,又要相互联系。例如可将公园中部分休息交往型活动空间,布置于进行合唱表演等集体活动的休闲娱乐型空间附近,这样既能满足不同活动类型的老年人互不干扰,又能满足参与交往休息型活动的老年人观看他人活动的需求。第五,影响老年人到公园进行户外活动的因素多种多样,如性别差异、年龄差异、季节变化、公园景观环境等。这些因素有的较为主观,与老年人的生理、心理特征密不可分；也有些是公园环境、气候条件等带来的客观影响,如季节变化带来的影响等。总体说来,设计者、公园管理处要重视影响老年人到公园进行户外活动的因素,并对此采取相应措施,以鼓励老年人的户外活动行为。
[Abstract]:The aging population gradually increased, the world has become a problem in our society, have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of the economy. How to deal with the aging of the population, the whole society should work together to face the issue. At present, the main place of outdoor activity space of city park has become the elderly elderly activities. Therefore, the construction of the outdoor activity space of the elderly in the city park, to create a good living environment of city outdoor activities for the elderly, make them and establish the necessary society, good contact, has very important significance.
In this paper, the outdoor activity space of Chongqing City Park as an example of the construction of the elderly, suitable for the elderly to the city park green space research, uses the theory research, literature survey, data collection and research methods of combination of theory and practice, analysis of the elderly general physiological, psychological characteristics and the corresponding demand, as well as special the elderly to participate in outdoor activities in the physiological and psychological characteristics and the corresponding types of needs, summarized the current city park elderly outdoor activities, needs and the corresponding space layout, classification, elements, planning and design strategies suitable for the construction of city park elderly outdoor activities space and the actual cases of planning and design the strategy complement argument.
After a preliminary study, the following conclusions are obtained:
First, there is a big difference between the physiological characteristics of the elderly and other age groups, their nerve function, sensing function, musculoskeletal movement function, cardiovascular function, respiratory, skin temperature regulating function of aging phenomenon. Because of the unique physiological characteristics, so the elderly have their special needs outdoor activities and outdoor activities such as space, security requirements, demands for comfort, fitness needs.
Second, compared with the overall psychological status of elderly people of other age groups, showed more negative emotions, which is more fragile, the society should provide more attention to the elderly. The common negative emotions have a sense of loss, loneliness, feelings of doubt, depression, fear and so on. Through research, found that outdoor activities can help the elderly's bad mood, so should create a suitable park space for outdoor activities for the elderly, encourage them to actively carry out outdoor activities.
Third, park the elderly outdoor activities varied, in general, can be divided into four categories: leisure, fitness, communication, and culture. Each type of activity has its corresponding characteristics. Space activities and complement each other, so different types of activities to different types of space activities for example, the collective activities such as Chorus, dance performances and other needs of large, open space.
Fourth, according to the characteristics of Park elderly outdoor activities, should deal with the relationship between the different activity space, should be independent of each other, and contact each other. For example the park rest communicative activities near space, recreational space layout for the chorus type and other collective activities, so as to meet the needs of different activities the elderly do not interfere with each other, and can meet the rest type participate in communication activities of the elderly to watch others activities.
Fifth, a variety of factors of elderly outdoor activities in the park such as diversity, gender differences, age differences, seasonal changes, the park landscape environment. Some of these factors are subjective, physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, but some are inseparable; park environment, the objective impact of climate conditions, such as seasonal change the influence and so on. Generally speaking, the designer, park management office should pay attention to the factors affecting the elderly outdoor activities in the park, and take corresponding measures to encourage the elderly outdoor activities.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986

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