中国城镇住宅生命周期环境影响及城市区划研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 09:10

本文选题：生命周期评价　切入点：区划研究　出处：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：推进可持续的城镇化发展是国家实现2020年全面建成小康社会、加快经济社会发展转型的重要内容。近年来，伴随快速城镇化进程和城镇住宅刚性需求持续增长，我国城镇住宅规模扩张较为明显。大规模造城运动刺激了城镇住宅规模的持续扩张，造成城市用地、用水、用能和环境污染排放量不断增加，城市可持续发展能力不断降低。因此，定量研究全国城镇住宅的资源环境影响对于推进城镇化发展战略、优化不同地区城镇发展模式、调控城镇住宅发展方式具有重要意义。本论文综合考虑不同地区城镇化水平、城镇居民居住水平及住宅结构类型等因素，基于生命周期评价思想，以单体住宅建筑的生命周期环境影响研究为切入点，构建了全国层面287个地级及以上城市的城镇住宅环境影响研究框架，并从住宅资源环境影响视角对上述所有城市进行分区研究，分析不同分区的城镇住宅资源环境特征。研究表明，2010年我国287个地级及以上城市的城镇住宅存量面积为199.8亿m2。新建城镇住宅的水泥、钢材、玻璃、铝材、建筑陶瓷和粘土砖消耗量分别为16213.4万t、4071.8万t、220.2万t、149.3万t、1394.8万t和9746.2万t，其中钢材生产过程的环境影响占49.3%。城镇住宅发展消耗能源43669.9万吨标准煤，消耗新鲜用水量361.8亿m3，城镇住宅生活排放COD、NH3-N、SO2和NOx污染物量分别为740.3万t、83.0万t、309.3万t和406.5万t。其中，住宅使用阶段的环境影响约为89.2%。情景分析显示，2020年城镇住宅资源环境压力将比2010年增加30.6%-41.7%。根据城镇住宅发展的整体环境影响将全国城市分为四类，其中I类分区城市的住宅资源环境影响仅占全国8.3%，其人均生活用水量仅为44.4m3，但城镇住宅的人均生活COD和SO2排放量高达12.2kg和5.4kg；II类、III类分区城市的住宅资源环境影响均占全国1/3左右，II类分区城市的人均居住用地高达35.0m2，III类分区城市的人均住宅生活能耗为567.1千克标准煤；IV类分区城市的住宅资源环境影响占全国城市整体影响的28.6%，其人均年生活用水量高达66.9m3，但人均居住用地面积仅为24.5m2。研究结果表明，国家应推行差异化的城镇化发展策略，适度推进城镇住宅建设速度，大力发展绿色建筑，将会保障城镇化发展战略实施的可持续性。
[Abstract]:To promote the sustainable urbanization development is an important content for the country to build a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020 and to accelerate the transformation of economic and social development. In recent years, along with the rapid urbanization process and the rigid demand for urban housing, there has been a continuous increase in the demand for urban housing. The urban housing scale expansion is obvious in China. The large-scale urban building movement has stimulated the continuous expansion of urban housing scale, resulting in the continuous increase of urban land use, water use, energy use and environmental pollution emissions. Therefore, it is of great significance to quantitatively study the resource and environmental impact of urban housing in China to promote the urbanization development strategy, optimize the urban development model in different regions, and regulate the development mode of urban housing. This paper synthetically considers the factors such as the urbanization level of different regions, the residential level of urban residents and the type of housing structure, and based on the life cycle evaluation thought, taking the life-cycle environmental impact research of individual residential buildings as the breakthrough point. The research framework of urban residential environmental impact in 287 cities at the national level and above is constructed, and the characteristics of urban residential resources and environment in different districts are analyzed from the perspective of residential resource and environmental impact. The study shows that in 2010, the storage area of residential buildings in 287prefectural cities and above was 19.98 billion m2. Cement, steel, glass and aluminum materials were used in newly built urban residences. The consumption of building ceramics and clay brick was one hundred and sixty-two million one hundred and thirty-four thousand t, forty million seven hundred and eighteen thousand t, two million two hundred and two thousand t, one million four hundred and ninety-three thousand t, thirteen million nine hundred and forty-eight thousand t and ninety-seven million four hundred and sixty-two thousand t respectively, of which the environmental impact of steel production process accounted for 49.3 t. The energy consumption of urban residential development was four hundred and thirty-six million six hundred and ninety-nine thousand tons of standard coal. The consumption of fresh water consumption is 36.18 billion m3, and the pollutants of COD NH 3-N (so 2) and NOx are seven million four hundred and three thousand t, 830,000 t, three million ninety-three thousand t and four million sixty-five thousand t, respectively. The environmental impact of residential use stage is about 89.2.The situational analysis shows that the environmental pressure of urban residential resources in 2020 will increase by 30.6-41.7than 2010. According to the overall environmental impact of urban residential development, the cities in China are divided into four categories. The impact of residential resources and environment on residential resources and environment in class I cities accounts for only 8.3% of the country, and the per capita consumption of water is only 44.4 m3. However, the per capita COD and SO2 emissions of urban residential buildings are as high as 12.2 kg and 5.4 kg / kg respectively, and the impacts of residential resources and environment on residential resources and environment in urban residential areas are as high as 12.2 kg and 5.4 kg / kg, respectively. The average residential land per capita in each of the 1/3 or so zoned cities in China is as high as 35.0m ~ (2) m ~ (-2) and the average residential energy consumption per capita is 567.1 kg. The residential resources and environment impacts of the cities in the class IV are 28.6% of the total impact of the cities in the whole country. The annual water consumption per person is as high as 66.9 m3, but the per capita living area is only 24.5 m2. The results show that, The country should promote the differentiated urbanization development strategy, promote the speed of urban housing construction, and vigorously develop green buildings, which will ensure the sustainability of the implementation of urbanization development strategy.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-023;TU984.115

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