大刚度试件拟动力试验方法

发布时间：2018-03-11 17:42

本文选题：大刚度试件　切入点：拟动力试验　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：拟动力试验是评价和研究结构抗震性能的重要手段。随着经济和科技的发展，现代工程结构越来越趋向于大型化和复杂化。传统的缩尺模型试验已经难以满足科学研究与工程实际的需要，大比例尺甚至足尺模型试验日益受到重视，因而试件的刚度也往往比较大。在拟动力试验中，电液伺服作动器常采用位移控制工作模式。但是由于作动器自身的位移控制分辨率有限，在进行大刚度试件的位移控制加载时，将难以完成小位移命令的控制加载，得到的拟动力试验结果不可靠。因此，开展大刚度试件的拟动力试验方法研究是十分必要的，这对丰富和完善传统结构抗震试验方法具有重要意义。本文以大刚度试件为研究对象，针对大刚度试件的拟动力试验方法开展研究，主要研究工作及成果如下：（1）为了能清晰地界定大刚度试件的范畴，从试验角度出发提出了大刚度试件的判别公式，为试验方案的合理制定提供依据。设计制作了一个单层单开间的足尺砖混结构模型用以模拟一个单层十个开间的原型结构。首先对该模型所用的材料进行了力学性能试验，然后进行了该试验模型在大震激励下的拟动力试验，用来揭示该类型结构的抗震性能。试验结果表明该类型结构具有很好的抗震性能，要超出我国抗震规范中“大震不倒”的设防目标。最后对该模型在小震激励下的拟动力试验进行数值模拟，，结果表明采用位移控制加载的试验方法将难以完成此大刚度模型在小震激励下的拟动力试验。（2）进行了小位移命令的控制加载试验，进一步阐述了位移控制加载方法存在的问题。为此，提出了位移与力混合控制的拟动力试验方法，该方法引入了外置的高精度位移传感器来弥补作动器自身位移控制分辨率不足的缺点。首先分析了该方法中的比例-积分位移控制器的稳定条件和稳态误差，然后介绍了位移控制器参数的实用设计方法，最后从数值模拟和试验验证的角度阐述了该方法的可行性和有效性。研究表明，该方法可以很好地解决大刚度试件位移控制加载存在的问题。（3）由于大刚度试件的反力通常会较大，电液伺服作动器更适合采用力控制加载模式。鉴于此，提出了基于力控制加载的等效力控制方法。等效力控制方法是一种基于隐式积分方法的采用力反馈控制代替数值迭代的拟动力试验方法。首先分析了采用比例-积分等效力控制器时等效力控制回路的稳定条件和稳态误差，然后从数值模拟和真实试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明，对于大刚度试件该方法要优于基于位移控制的等效力控制方法。（4）为了融合力控制模式和位移控制模式的优点，并在拟动力试验中实现两种模式的自动切换，提出了基于位移正反馈的力与位移切换控制方法。首先从理论角度分析了切换控制过程，然后从数值模拟和试验角度验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明，该方法能很好地实现力与位移控制模式之间自动而平滑的切换，可以应用到大刚度试件拟动力试验中。
[Abstract]:The pseudo dynamic test is an important method for seismic performance evaluation and research structure. With the development of economy and technology, modern engineering structures are becoming more and more large and complicated. The traditional scale model test has been difficult to meet the scientific research and engineering practice, large scale and full-scale model test is getting more attention, so the specimen the stiffness is often relatively large. In the pseudo dynamic test, the electro-hydraulic servo actuator used displacement control mode. But due to the displacement of the control system itself and the limited resolution of the stiffness specimen displacement control loading, loading control will be difficult to complete the small displacement command, the quasi dynamic test results are not reliable. Therefore, to carry out the stiffness test of pseudo dynamic test method of the study is very necessary, this to enrich and improve the traditional anti-seismic test method has important significance.
Based on the stiffness of specimens as the research object, according to the stiffness test of pseudo dynamic test method research, the main research work and achievements are as follows:
(1) in order to clearly define the stiffness of specimens from the experimental point of view, put forward the formula of stiffness identification, provide the basis for establishing reasonable test scheme is designed and manufactured. The full-scale masonry structure model of single bay a single prototype structure to simulate a single ten bays. The test of mechanical properties in this model firstly used materials, and then the pseudo dynamic test of the test model in earthquake excitation, to reveal the seismic performance of this type of structure. The experimental results show that this type of structure has good anti-seismic performance, beyond China seismic code "earthquake does not fall" the fortification goal. At the end of this model in small earthquake excitations pseudo dynamic experiment and numerical simulation, the results show that the experimental method using the displacement loading will be difficult to complete the stiffness model in small earthquake excitation is proposed Dynamic test.
(2) the small displacement control loading test command, further expounds the existing displacement control loading method. Therefore, the displacement and stress of mixed pseudo dynamic testing method of control, this method introduces the high precision displacement sensor to compensate for external actuator self displacement control resolution defects firstly. The analysis method of proportional integral displacement controller stability condition and the steady-state error, then introduces the practical design method of displacement controller parameters. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the method is discussed from the angle of numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that this method can well solve the stiffness of specimen displacement control loading problems.
(3) the stiffness test piece will usually force large, electro-hydraulic servo actuators for control loading mode by force. In view of this, the loading force control of the equivalent force control method based on equivalent force control method is using a force feedback control instead of numerical iterative pseudo dynamic test method the implicit integration method based on the first analysis of the proportional - integral force controller when the force control loop stability condition and the steady-state error, then the feasibility and validity of this method is verified from the numerical simulation and real test. The results show that the stiffness of the specimen displacement control method is better than the equivalent force control based on the method.
(4) in order to integrate advantages of force control and displacement control mode, and automatically switch the two modes to achieve the pseudo dynamic test, the force and displacement displacement switching control method based on positive feedback. Firstly, from the theoretical point of view of the handoff control process, and then verify the feasibility and validity of this method from numerical simulation and experiment. The research results show that the method can achieve good between force and displacement control mode of automatic and smooth switching, can be applied to the stiffness of specimens. The pseudo dynamic test

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU317

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