以更高节能目标为导向的公共建筑能效性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 07:05

本文选题：基准模型　切入点：层次分析法　出处：《中国建筑科学研究院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据世界可持续发展工商理事会2009年4月29日发布的报告《行业转型：建筑物能源效率》,目前,全世界能源消耗总量的40%为建筑物能源消耗。据统计,我国建筑能耗的总量逐年上升,目前建筑能耗占我国全社会终端能耗的比例约为27.5%。国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑占全国建筑量的4%,但是它的年耗电量约占全国城镇总耗电量的22%。随着我国城镇化进程的进一步发展,公共建筑能耗总量会进一步增加,推进公共建筑节能事业,降低公共建筑整体能耗,迫在眉睫。公共建筑节能标准做为约束新建公共建筑能耗的重要手段之一,每一次标准的更新和完善都对降低社会建筑能耗做出了巨大的贡献。建筑节能标准修订工作应与时俱进,以更加适应当前的投资,技术环境,并为提高人们的生活质量服务。本文首次建立了以更高节能目标为导向确定公共建筑设计参数的方法,是对建筑节能设计标准研究思路的探索和创新。本文给出了一种将国家建筑节能总目标分解至公共建筑节能目标的方法。笔者以国家能源统计年鉴数据为依托,以能源结构和能耗量为考察对象,建立建筑能耗层次分析模型,首次以层次分析法为技术手段得出建筑节能的四大方面(集中采暖用能,公共建筑用能,城市居住建筑用能,农村居住建筑用能)的用能权重系数。以此为据对建筑节能总量进行分解,经进一步分析,得出了“十二五”期间新建公共建筑相对近几年公共建筑平均能耗量需要承担的节能率为14.3%的结论。同时,本文也给出了一种通过对各类公共建筑模型进行计算分析,从社会投资回收期和成本增量的角度确定公共建筑整体节能目标的方法。笔者以公共建筑节能标准分析用模型数据库中的六类典型建筑模型为计算原型,建立详细的围护结构、冷热源设备的经济分析模型和热工分析模型,采用统计分析方法研究了各气候区公共建筑围护结构和冷热源设备的单位性能提高带来的节能量和投资增量关系,并以单项节能措施的年收益投资比(SIR值)为依据,对基准模型进行优化设计,得出各类公共建筑模型在既定模型条件下最优化的收益与投资关系,并以特定的投资回收期和投资增量为依据确定节能目标,并取各类建筑模型达到节能目标时对应的设计参数为限值参考值。在此基础上,考虑室内照明功率密度改变对供暖、供冷能耗的贡献率,确定了照明功率密度降低、围护结构性能的改善,冷热源设备的性能提高对总节能目标的贡献率。
[Abstract]:According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development report "Industry Transformation: building Energy efficiency" issued on April 29th 2009, 40% of the world's total energy consumption is currently building energy consumption. The total amount of building energy consumption in China is increasing year by year. At present, the proportion of building energy consumption to the total social terminal energy consumption is about 27.50.The state office buildings and large public buildings account for 4 percent of the national construction volume, but its annual energy consumption accounts for about 22 percent of the total power consumption of the whole country's cities and towns. Further development of the process of de-escalation, The total energy consumption of public buildings will further increase. It is urgent to promote the cause of energy saving in public buildings and to reduce the overall energy consumption of public buildings. As one of the important means to restrict the energy consumption of new public buildings, the standard of energy conservation of public buildings has made a great contribution to the reduction of energy consumption of social buildings, and the revision of the standard of energy conservation of buildings should keep pace with the times. To better adapt to the current investment, technology environment, and to improve the quality of life. In this paper, the method of determining the design parameters of public buildings based on the goal of higher energy saving is established for the first time, which is the exploration and innovation of the research ideas of the design standards for building energy conservation. In this paper, a method of decomposing the total goal of national building energy conservation to the goal of energy conservation of public buildings is given. The author takes the data of the national energy statistics yearbook as the basis, and takes the energy structure and energy consumption as the object of investigation. Establish the building energy consumption analytic hierarchy process model, take the analytic hierarchy process as the technical means for the first time to obtain four aspects of building energy saving (centralized heating energy, public building energy, urban residential building energy, urban residential building energy, urban residential building energy, urban residential building energy), The energy use weight coefficient of rural residential buildings). Based on this, the total energy saving of buildings is decomposed, and further analysis is made. It is concluded that the average energy consumption of newly built public buildings in recent years is 14.3%. At the same time, this paper also gives a kind of calculation and analysis of all kinds of public building models. From the perspective of social investment recovery period and cost increment, the author establishes a detailed envelope structure based on the six typical building models in the model database for the analysis of the standard of energy conservation of public buildings. The economic analysis model and thermal analysis model of cold and heat source equipment are used to study the relationship between energy saving and investment increment caused by the improvement of the unit performance of the public building enclosure structure and the unit performance of the cold and heat source equipment in various climate regions by using the statistical analysis method. Based on the annual income investment ratio of single energy saving measures, the optimal design of benchmark model is carried out, and the optimal relationship between income and investment of all kinds of public building models under established model conditions is obtained. Based on the specific investment payback period and investment increment, the energy saving target is determined, and the design parameters corresponding to various building models to achieve the energy saving target are taken as the reference values. On this basis, considering the contribution rate of indoor lighting power density change to heating and cooling energy consumption, the contribution rate of lighting power density decrease, the performance improvement of enclosure structure and the performance of cold and heat source equipment to the total energy saving target are determined.
【学位授予单位】：中国建筑科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-023

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