脚手架施工事故致因分析及安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:08

本文选题：事故规律　切入点：事故致因　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑施工现场是各类型安全事故发生的根源地，采用何种方法对事故发生的原因进行准确分析及安全评价，如何减少和降低各类型安全事故的发生是政府、企业、学界研究的焦点问题。基于危险源安全管理和事故致因理论对安全事故展开研究，统计2010-2012年住房和城乡建设部事故快报，对安全事故的发生类型、时间分布进行归纳分析，从而得出安全事故的类型、时间分布规律。对典型事故：高处坠落事故、坍塌事故、物体打击事故、起重伤害事故时间分布特征进行分析，为有效降低事故的发生采取预防和控制措施提供可靠的参考。高处坠落事故中，以脚手架坠落，临边洞口坠落和悬空高处坠落为主要类型，坍塌事故中，由于脚手架支撑不稳定导致坍塌事故起数占总事故起数的22%以上。对典型脚手架事故案例进行分类汇总和事故致因分析，结合现场调研和数据实测分析导致脚手架事故的可能致因，进行脚手架事故致因的识别和分级描述，从而实现脚手架事故致因的详细分析。对脚手架事故模式进行研究，将脚手架安全事故主要分为两类：高处坠落事故、倾覆和坍塌事故。对脚手架安全事故运用事故树法进行定性、定量分析和评价，得出导致脚手架事故的可能途径，从而得出各基本事件发生概率的大小。针对可能出现的脚手架安全事故故障模式以关联度大小进行排序，从而找出脚手架施工过程安全可靠性的薄弱环节，进而采取及时有效的措施进行安全管控。如何对施工过程中脚手架整体状态安全性进行准确的评价：综合考虑脚手架施工过程中架体各组件安全状态和各外部事件发生频率的定量表达，建立安全影响因素与脚手架整体安全状态的模糊转化和综合关系，得到脚手架整体安全状态评估集，，与典型的模糊评价子集进行模糊模式识别，进而判断脚手架安全状态。结合脚手架实际案例，通过观察脚手架组件状态和外部事件的安全程度，采用模糊运算得到安全评估集，与典型模糊评价子集的识别判断出脚手架的整体安全状态为很差，应及时采取有效措施进行管控。
[Abstract]:Construction site is the root of all kinds of safety accidents. How to analyze and evaluate the causes of accidents accurately and how to reduce and reduce the occurrence of various types of safety accidents are the government and enterprises. The focus of academic research. Based on the safety management of hazard sources and accident cause theory to carry out research on safety accidents, statistics 2010-2012 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction accident KuaiBao, the occurrence type of safety accidents, time distribution are summarized and analyzed. Thus, the types and time distribution of safety accidents are obtained. The time distribution characteristics of typical accidents, such as falling from high places, collapsing accidents, object striking accidents and lifting injury accidents, are analyzed. To effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents to take preventive and control measures to provide a reliable reference. In high fall accidents, scaffolding falls, edge hole falls and suspended height falls are the main types, and in collapse accidents, Because of the instability of scaffolding support, the number of collapse accidents accounts for more than 22% of the total number of accidents. The typical scaffolding accident cases are classified and summarized, and the causes of the accidents are analyzed. Combined with field investigation and data measurement, the possible cause of scaffold accident is analyzed, and the identification and classification description of scaffold accident cause are carried out, so as to realize the detailed analysis of scaffold accident cause. The safety accidents of scaffold are divided into two types: fall accident, capsize accident and collapse accident. The accident tree method is used to analyze, analyze and evaluate the scaffold safety accident. The possible ways to cause scaffolding accidents are obtained, and the probability of occurrence of each basic event is obtained. In order to find out the weak links of the safety and reliability of scaffolding construction process, and then take timely and effective measures to carry out safety control. How to accurately evaluate the safety of scaffolding during construction: considering the quantitative expression of the safety state of each component and the frequency of external events during the construction of scaffolding. The fuzzy transformation and synthesis relationship between the safety factors and the overall safety state of the scaffold were established, and the evaluation set of the overall safety state of the scaffold was obtained, and the fuzzy pattern recognition was carried out with the typical fuzzy evaluation subset, and then the safety state of the scaffold was judged. Combined with the actual case of scaffolding, by observing the security degree of scaffold component state and external events, the safety assessment set is obtained by fuzzy operation, and the recognition of typical fuzzy evaluation subset shows that the overall safety state of scaffold is very poor. Timely and effective measures should be taken for control.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU731.2;TU714

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