基于系统动力学的设计阶段建筑废弃物减量化效果评估

发布时间：2018-03-15 11:30

本文选题：设计阶段　切入点：建筑废弃物减量化　出处：《深圳大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国城市人口的不断增加和城市化进程的日益推进，城市建设与旧城拆迁产生的建筑废弃物量逐年递增，如何加强建筑废弃物减量化管理，提高建筑废弃物的减量化水平成为嗜待解决的难题。在诸多的建筑废弃物减量化措施当中，，在设计阶段实施建筑废弃物减量化被广泛认为是最有效的，因为设计阶段是建筑废弃物产生源头，相关设计规划人员可以通过充分考虑整个项目设计规划的每一个细节，采用低废弃率建筑材料，合理进行施工设计规划等一系列措施来降低施工过程建筑废弃物的产生。然而，通过大量文献回顾发现，关于如何评估这些设计措施在建筑废弃物减量化方面的效果，会产生多大的经济、环境效益，会以何种方式在何种程度上对建筑废弃物整个管理过程产生作用的研究还相对匮乏。同时，国内建筑师们大多也尚未针对建筑废弃物的减量化进行相应的设计规划，他们普遍认为建筑废弃物主要是在建设施工阶段产生，无法清晰理解建筑设计对建筑废弃物产生所带来的重要影响。政府也缺乏合理评估待建项目在建筑废弃物方面影响的方法，难以有效地在规划阶段合理评估待建项目的环境影响。本文在总结国内外文献的基础上，首先从建筑技术、设计师行为态度、设计师能力、外部制度五个方面识别了设计阶段影响建筑废弃物减量化水平的主要因素，继而基于系统动力学理论及方法构建了包括减量化设计、废弃物管理、经济效益评估，环境效益评估四个子系统在内的建筑废弃物减量化设计评估模型，最后借助VENSIM系统动力学软件对深圳市的待建住宅项目进行了建筑废弃物减量化效果的模拟评估。研究结果表明，基于系统动力学理论所建立的减量化设计评估模型可以有效地评估在设计阶段实施建筑废弃物减量化后建筑废弃物的产生量、处理量、经济效益、及环境效益等多项指标：模拟结果显示案例现行的设计阶段建筑废弃物减量化实践可以减少391t建筑废弃物，减少填埋121t建筑废弃物，获得365万经济效益，减少1740kg二氧化碳排放以及节省164m2土地耗用。本研究所识别的设计阶段影响建筑废弃物减量化的至关重要因素可以为管理人员制订建筑废弃物管理规则提供参考，所建立的模型一方面为建筑设计师提供了一个评估平台，用以评估设计措施在建筑废弃物处理上的效果；另一方面,模型模拟结果可以为政府建设部门的项目批建提供建筑废弃物产生和环境影响方面有价值的参考信息。
[Abstract]:With the increasing urbanization and city Chinese city population growing, city construction and demolition of construction waste volume increased year by year, how to strengthen the construction waste reduction management, improve the level of construction waste reduction has become a problem to be solved. In addicted to many of the construction waste reduction measures, the implementation of construction waste reduction in the design phase is widely considered to be the most effective, because the design stage is the construction waste production source, related design and planning staff can fully consider every detail of the whole project design and planning, the low rate of waste building materials, a series of reasonable measures of construction planning and design to reduce construction waste generated during construction.
However, through literature review found that, on how to evaluate the effect of these design measures in construction waste reduction aspects, will produce much greater economic, environmental benefits, the manner in which the extent of construction waste the whole management process has the function of research is relatively deficient. At the same time, the domestic architects are also not yet in view of the construction waste reduction design planning, they generally think that the construction waste is mainly produced in the construction phase, not a clear understanding of architectural design have an important impact on construction waste. The government is also a lack of reasonable evaluation method of construction project in the construction waste, it is difficult to effectively evaluate the environment in the planning stage influence of construction project.
This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign literature, first from construction technology, the ability of designers, designers behavior attitude, five aspects of the external system to identify main factors influencing the design stage construction waste reduction level, then the system dynamics based on the theories and methods of construction including reduction design, waste management, economic evaluation, environment benefit evaluation model of the four subsystems, the construction waste reduction design, simulation and evaluation finally using dynamics software VENSIM system in Shenzhen city to be built residential projects of construction waste reduction effect.
The results show that the reduction of design evaluation model based on the theory of system dynamics can effectively assess the amount of construction waste, construction waste reduction in the design stage of the processing capacity, economic benefits, environmental benefits and many other indicators: the simulation results show that the case design stage of construction waste reduction can reduce the current practice 391t of construction waste, reduce construction waste landfill 121t, obtained 3 million 650 thousand economic benefits, reduce carbon emissions and save 1740kg 164m2 land consumption. This study design stage identified key factor to influence the construction waste reduction can provide a reference for managers to develop the construction waste management rules, the model provides a an evaluation platform as the architect, to evaluate the design measures in the construction of waste treatment effect on; On the other hand, the model simulation results can provide valuable reference information for the construction of construction waste and environmental impact for the project approval of the government construction department.

【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X799.1;TU201.5

【参考文献】