湿热环境下空气流动对人体热舒适影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:25

本文选题：湿热环境　切入点：空气流动　出处：《华南理工大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿热地区温高湿重，人口众多，夏季空调降温需求巨大。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，建筑空调用能将进一步增加。与之相对应的是，空气流动如自然通风和风扇吹风作为湿热地区常用的夏季降温方式，在当前的建筑设计中却很少使用，造成这种现象的原因是相关的规范指导不够，归根结底是这方面的基础研究不够。本文目标是研究湿热环境下空气流动对人体热反应的影响。首先，在参数严格控制的人工气候室采用受试者实验的方法研究了湿热环境下个体控制的落地扇对人体感觉、热舒适和感知空气品质（PAQ）的影响。证实个体控制的空气流动可提高热舒适和PAQ温湿度接受上限至28°C，相对湿度（RH）80%和30°C，60%RH，指出美国供热制冷空调工程师协会（ASHRAE）热舒适标准的规定在26°C和28°C时适用，在30°C时应提高可允许风速限值至1.6m/s以满足舒适需求。其次，系统实验研究了湿热环境下受试者对不同不可控吊扇吹风风速的反应。证实不可控的吊扇吹风均可在温湿度达30°C，80%RH的环境中使人体热舒适和PAQ保持在较好的水平，并显著高于无风扇吹风的情况。指出ASHRAE标准55不可控风速上限偏低，，应提高至1.6m/s。指出受试者可在ASHRAE热舒适范围外的温湿度和风速下达到舒适。而后，系统研究了动态化吊扇吹风、吹风方向及摇摆扇和固定扇对人体热反应的影响。研究发现稳态和周期变化的动态吊扇吹风对人体热反应无显著差别，但均显著优于无风扇的情况。吹风方向（正上、前上和侧上）对人体热反应无显著影响。风扇档位相同时，固定扇的效果优于摇摆扇，二者均优于无风扇情况。指出上述吹风方式均可很好地改善偏热环境中受试者的热舒适和PAQ。最后，基于上述研究，对比研究了无风、可控气流和不可控气流环境下人体反应指标与热环境评价指标的关系，及各人体主观反应指标的关系。指出热环境评价指标PMV和SET宜作为无风环境的评价，而不宜用作评价有风的环境。全身热感觉适用于无风环境，但不适用于有风环境。指出全身热舒适投票在无风和有风环境下与各主观指标关系保持稳定，可作为通用的主观评价指标。综合以上分析提出以全身热舒适为通用指标的评价体系，指出80%可接受对应的热舒适投票均值为1（即舒适）。本文得到的研究数据及形成结论可作为湿热地区建筑有效利用空气流动的依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the energy consumption of building air conditioning will further increase. Air flow, such as natural ventilation and fan blowing, as a common summer cooling method in humid and hot areas, is rarely used in current architectural design. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of air flow on human body thermal response in humid and hot environment. First of all, in an artificial climate room with strictly controlled parameters, the effects of individual controlled floor fans on human body were studied by using the method of subjects' experiments. The effects of thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ). It has been proved that individual controlled air flow can increase thermal comfort and PAQ temperature and humidity up to 28 掳C, RH is 80% and 30 掳C is 60 RH. It is pointed out that the American Association of heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has a thermal comfort scale. The requirements shall apply at 26 degrees C and 28 degrees C, The allowable wind speed limit should be increased to 1.6 m / s at 30 掳C to meet comfort requirements. Secondly, the responses of the subjects to different uncontrollable ceiling fan blowing wind speeds under humid and hot conditions were systematically studied. It was proved that the uncontrollable ceiling fan blowing air could make the human body thermal comfort and PAQ at a better level in a temperature and humidity of up to 30 掳C ~ (80) RH. It is pointed out that the upper limit of uncontrollable wind speed of ASHRAE standard 55 is low and should be raised to 1.6 m / s. It is pointed out that the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the subjects can reach comfort outside the thermal comfort range of ASHRAE. Then, the effects of dynamic ceiling fan blowing, blowing direction and rocking fan and fixed fan on the thermal response of human body are systematically studied. It is found that there is no significant difference between steady and periodic dynamic ceiling fan blowing on human body thermal response. But all of them are significantly superior to those without fan. The direction of blowing (positive, front and side) has no significant effect on the thermal response of human body. When the fan gear is the same, the effect of fixed fan is better than that of swing fan. Both of them are superior to those without fan. It is pointed out that the above blowing methods can improve the thermal comfort and PAQs of the subjects in the partial heat environment. Finally, based on the above research, the relationship between human body reaction index and thermal environment evaluation index in windless, controllable and uncontrollable airflow environment is studied. It is pointed out that thermal environment evaluation indexes PMV and SET should be used as evaluation of windless environment, not as evaluation of wind-free environment, and the whole body thermal sensation is suitable for windless environment. But it is not suitable for wind-free environment. It is pointed out that the relationship between the whole body thermal comfortable voting and the subjective indexes is stable in the windless and wind-free environment. It can be used as a general subjective evaluation index. Based on the above analysis, a general evaluation system with thermal comfort for whole body is put forward, and it is pointed out that the mean value of 80% acceptable thermal comfort voting is 1 (that is, comfort). The research data and conclusion obtained in this paper can be used as the basis for the effective utilization of air flow in buildings in humid and hot areas.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.2

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