山地小城镇排水体制优选决策模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 03:31

本文选题：三峡库区　切入点：山地小城镇　出处：《重庆大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：如何合理地选择排水体制，，是城镇排水系统规划和设计中举足轻重的问题，它不仅从根本上影响排水系统的设计、施工和排水设施的维护管理，而且会对城镇的环境保护产生深远的影响，同时也影响排水系统工程的投资和维护管理费用。三峡库区存在着数目众多的山地小城镇，其在自然地理、城镇布局以及社会经济等方面有其特殊性。长期以来，山地小城镇排水设施在设计、建设、运行管理时主要沿用针对大中城市排水系统的规范或标准，造成排水体制选择不合理，工程投资和运行费用高，运行管理效率低下。针对这一问题，本论文以三峡库区重庆市山地小城镇为研究对象，通过大量实地调研及污水和雨水水质监测、专家问卷分析、综合评价等方法，深入地研究了不同类型山地小城镇雨水径流污染及排污规律，建立了不同排水体制下山地小城镇污染负荷模型，从而构建出山地小城镇排水体制优选决策模型。主要研究结果如下： ①不同雨水径流污染物浓度变化规律不具备一致的相关性；不同降雨过程中，居民型山地小城镇同一种雨水径流污染物浓度随径流时间的变化规律可能不同；旅游型山地小城镇同一种雨水径流污染物浓度随径流时间的变化规律可能相同。 ②不同降雨过程中，同一种径流污染物的初期效应出现的频率和强度可能不同；同一场降雨中不同径流污染物的初期效应出现的频率和强度也可能不同。从目前的实验结果来看，初期效应不是普遍现象。 ③居民型山地小城镇雨水径流污染物TN和NH3-N的平均浓度（SEMC）比旅游型山地小城镇高，而旅游型山地小城镇雨水径流污染物COD、SS和TP的平均浓度（SEMC）远比居民型山地小城镇高；山地小城镇雨水径流污染物COD和NH3-N浓度均高于V类水质浓度限值，对周围水环境影响较大，地面雨水径流污染不容忽视。 ④山地小城镇同一种污染物单位面积次降雨负荷差异较大；不同类型山地小城镇同一种污染物单位面积次降雨负荷相差也非常悬殊；以降雨径流量出现的频率表示不同雨水径流污染负荷出现的概率，重庆市年径流量频率曲线表明，山地小城镇中等污染负荷出现概率最大，概率为75%，而较小的污染负荷和较大的污染负荷出现概率合计仅为25%。 ⑤采用Delphi法建立和筛选出山地小城镇排水体制综合评价指标，建立山地小城镇排水体制综合评价指标体系；利用特征向量法确定各评价指标的权重；选择模糊物元分析法作为综合评价方法，建立了山地小城镇排水体制优选决策模型，并利用VB编程设计开发出综合评价决策软件。以居民型山地小城镇为例，对山地小城镇排水体制优选模型中的各参数进行了率定。通过软件运算，结果显示：在给定条件下，对于居民型山地小城镇，完全分流制是最适合的排水体制。选取了2个典型山地小城镇利用山地小城镇排水体制优选模型对排水体制进行了验证。
[Abstract]:How to select the drainage system reasonably is an important problem in the planning and design of urban drainage system . It not only affects the design , construction and maintenance management of drainage system , but also affects the investment and maintenance of drainage system engineering .

( 1 ) There is no consistent correlation between the variation law of pollutant concentration of different rainfall runoff ;
In the different rainfall process , the variation law of runoff time is different from the concentration of the runoff time .
The variation law of runoff time is probably the same as that of runoff time .

( 2 ) the frequency and intensity of the initial effect of the same kind of runoff pollutant may be different during different rainfall processes ;
The frequency and intensity of the initial effects of different runoff pollutants in the same rainfall may be different . From the present experimental results , the initial effect is not a common phenomenon .

( 3 ) The average concentration of TN and NH _ 3 - N ( SEMC ) of rainwater runoff pollutants in urban small towns was higher than that in the tourism - type mountain towns , while the average concentration of COD , SS and TP ( SEMC ) of the rainwater runoff pollutants in the small towns in the mountainous areas was much higher than that of the urban small towns of the residents .
The COD and NH3 - N concentration of rainwater runoff in small towns in the mountainous areas are higher than those of the V - type water quality limit , so the environmental impact on the surrounding water is relatively large , and the runoff pollution of the rainwater runoff on the ground cannot be ignored .

( 4 ) There is a large difference in the rainfall load between the small towns of the mountain and the area of a pollutant unit ;
There is also a very large difference in rainfall load between different types of mountain towns and one pollutant unit area .
The frequency curve of runoff in Chongqing indicates that the probability of occurrence of medium pollution load in mountain small town is the largest , the probability is 75 % , and the probability of small pollution load and large pollution load is only 25 % .

( 5 ) Using Delphi method to establish and filter the comprehensive evaluation index of drainage system in mountain towns and towns , and establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the drainage system of small towns in mountain areas ;
the weight of each evaluation index is determined by using the feature vector method ;
This paper selects fuzzy matter element analysis method as comprehensive evaluation method , establishes the optimal decision - making model of drainage system in mountain town , and develops comprehensive evaluation decision - making software by using VB programming design .

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU992.0

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