绿色公共建筑运行性能后评估研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 03:18

本文选题：绿色公共建筑 + 运行性能　；参考：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国内绿色建筑和节能建筑的蓬勃发展，人们开始关注绿色建筑实际运行性能。国外研究表明，部分绿色建筑未实现设计预期的节能效果和室内环境舒适度，而现行绿色建筑运行性能的相关研究与评价存在不足。为此本论文开展针对绿色公共建筑运行性能进行后评估的方法。同时，通过调研苏州、上海、北京、天津、深圳等地绿色公共建筑、节能公共建筑、示范公共建筑，分析绿色节能公共建筑运行过程中存在的问题；并选取几个典型案例进行深入调研与测评，同时对典型技术的成本效益与实际运行效果进行了分析。主要研究内容如下。首先，论文采用Q (Quality)-L(Load)二维综合评价方法，构建了绿色公共建筑运行性能后评估体系，对建筑运行阶段的能源消耗、水资源消耗、环境质量与服务性能提出了量化、以数据为导向的综合评价体系。其次，通过大量项目的调研，选取四个典型绿色节能办公建筑项目开展案例试评价工作，验证后评估体系的可行性与合理性，并对后评估体系进行调整。包括基于大量案例实际运行各项能耗的比例、影响最大因素的调研，调整体系各项权重系数；基于当地同类建筑数据库能耗分布特征、试评案例用户问卷平均满意度分布特征调整体系评分；通过两个案例建筑的空调系统性能测试以及与设计工况的比较研究，指出运行用能不合理项，验证了从三类指标（能耗指标、负荷指标和效率比指标）进行建筑能源消耗运行性能评价并分析各项用能合理性的可行性。此外，针对国内现行绿色建筑设计阶段评价采用核查表（checklist）的方法可能存在技术堆砌问题，对与节能和室内环境相关的常用绿色建筑技术进行了分类调研、效果测评以及定量化的成本效益分析。自然通风、自然采光、地道风等低成本被动式技术运行效果良好，节能量大，，值得推广。光导管、外遮阳、新风热回收、太阳能光热系统需区别对待。光伏发电系统成本高、效率低，不值得推广。最后，论文研究对后评估执行过程中需要收集与分析的资料与参数进行了归纳，并总结了实际案例在数据监测与系统分析方面的不足，提出后续工作的建议。论文研究成果对于我国公共建筑在运行阶段绿色性能提升、反馈设计与优化设计评价、构建从单一技术到完整系统的绿色建筑后评估体系提供了有益的参考。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of green buildings and energy-efficient buildings in China, people begin to pay attention to the actual performance of green buildings.Foreign studies show that some green buildings do not achieve the expected energy saving effect and indoor environment comfort, but the current green building performance research and evaluation are insufficient.Therefore, this paper carries out a post-evaluation method for the performance of green public buildings.At the same time, through the investigation of Suzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other places green public buildings, energy-saving public buildings, demonstration of public buildings, analysis of green energy-saving public buildings in the process of operation problems;Several typical cases were selected for in-depth investigation and evaluation, and the cost effectiveness and actual operation effect of typical technology were analyzed.The main research contents are as follows.First of all, the paper constructs a post-evaluation system for the performance of green public buildings by using Q _ (Q) Quality-Ln Load (QQL) comprehensive evaluation method, and quantifies the energy consumption, water consumption, environmental quality and service performance in the building operation phase.Data-oriented comprehensive evaluation system.Secondly, through the investigation of a large number of projects, four typical green energy-saving office building projects are selected to carry out the case evaluation, to verify the feasibility and rationality of the post-evaluation system, and to adjust the post-evaluation system.Including a large number of cases based on the actual operation of the proportion of energy consumption, the largest factors affecting the investigation, adjustment of the system weight coefficient; based on the local similar building database energy consumption distribution characteristics,Through the performance test of air conditioning system of two case buildings and the comparison with the design conditions, the unreasonable items of running energy consumption are pointed out.The feasibility of evaluating the operational performance of building energy consumption and analyzing the rationality of energy use is verified from three kinds of indexes (energy consumption index, load index and efficiency ratio index).In addition, in view of the problem of technical stacking in the method of checking list in the current green building design stage evaluation in China, the common green building technologies related to energy saving and indoor environment are classified and investigated.Effect evaluation and quantitative cost-benefit analysis.The low cost passive technology such as natural ventilation, natural lighting and underground wind has good operation effect and energy saving, so it is worth popularizing.Light tube, outside shade, fresh wind heat recovery, solar photothermal system need to be treated differently.Photovoltaic system is not worth popularizing because of its high cost and low efficiency.Finally, the paper summarizes the data and parameters that need to be collected and analyzed in the process of post-evaluation implementation, summarizes the shortcomings of practical cases in data monitoring and system analysis, and puts forward some suggestions for follow-up work.The research results provide a useful reference for the improvement of green performance, feedback design and optimization design evaluation, and the construction of post-evaluation system of green building from single technology to complete system.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU242;TU201.5

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