胸部送风非均匀环境下的人体热舒适研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 06:32

本文选题：工位空调 + 非均匀环境　；参考：《上海交通大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：由于目前节能的迫切要求以及对室内环境质量要求的提高，工位空调被提出并越来越受到关注。然而，工位空调为非均匀的热环境，与以往的均匀环境存在很大差异，其在热舒适方面有很多基础性的问题有待解决，如工位空调型式的优化，背景温度的可接受范围以及局部送风参数的设置范围等。这些问题决定着工位空调的节能潜力和提高舒适性等性能是否能够得到充分发挥。再者，由于在工位空调下人体处于非均匀的热环境中，已有的标准和规范中被采用的PMV-PPD等热感觉和热舒适的预测和评价方法并不适用，因此需要建立工位空调环境下热感觉及热舒适的评价方法。此外，工位空调环境下的吹风感问题也是影响其性能发挥的主要问题，对于工位空调环境下吹风感的预测和评价也有待解决。针对上述问题，本文的主要研究内容及结果如下： 1.提出了胸部送风的工位空调形式，并开展了胸部送风非均匀环境下人体热舒适的基础性实验研究。研究发现28°C的背景环境下可以通过胸部工位送风来改善人体的热舒适，并得到了工位送风温度、风速及风口面积组合的适宜范围。 2.通过系统地研究和比较工位送风参数对整体热舒适、整体热感觉及局部热感觉、局部热舒适及吹风感的影响之间的规律，阐明了非均匀环境下整体热舒适与整体热感觉的关系与均匀环境下的“一一对应”不同而出现“分离”的原因。工位空调环境下的整体热舒适不仅与整体热感觉偏离中性的程度有关系，还与局部热舒适及吹风感有关系。据此提出了胸部送风非均匀环境下的整体热舒适的预测关联式。 3.提出非均匀环境下考虑局部送风作用和各部位生理差异的平均皮温计算方法的思想。并建立了适用于胸部送风非均匀环境下的的人体平均皮肤温度的计算方法—14点法。 4.在本文研究范围内，稳态情况下整体热感觉与平均皮温之间存在线性关系。非稳态情况下，整体热感觉与平均皮温及其变化率之间呈线性关系。并得到了上述关系的经验关联式。此外，得到了基于胸中部位皮肤温度的整体热感觉的预测经验关系式。 5.在非均匀环境下，，当整体热感觉在中性区附近时，得到如下结论：稳态情况下，局部皮肤温度与局部热感觉之间呈线性关系，局部热感觉与局部热舒适之间呈二次方关系。并得到了胸中部位、上臂前侧、前臂前侧及颈部前侧的热感觉及热舒适的预测关联式。非稳态情况下，得到胸中部位热感觉与胸中部位皮温及其变化率的线性经验关联式。 6.通过不同紊流度下的吹风感实验，对紊流度影响吹风感的原因进行了探讨。研究结果表明紊流度影响吹风感是由于其影响了人体的局部皮肤温度。证明了采用皮肤温度预测吹风感的思路是可行的。进而，在胸部送风非均匀环境下建立了胸部吹风感投票值与胸中部位皮温、胸中部位热感觉及热舒适之间的关系式。该关系式可用于胸部暴露情况下的吹风感预测。 7.建立了包含暴露时间、气流温度、风速和紊流度四个因素的吹风不满意率预测模型。并建立了吹风感投票值与吹风不满意率之间转化的经验关系式。本研究中得到的背景和胸部工位送风的参数范围，以及热感觉、热舒适和吹风感的预测关系式可以为工位空调系统的开发和设计标准的制定提供基础性的依据。
[Abstract]:Due to the urgent requirements of energy conservation and the quality of the indoor environment requirements increase, the TAC was put forward and has attracted more and more attention. However, the TAC for non-uniform thermal environment, and there is a big difference in uniform environment in the past, it has many basic problems to be solved in the thermal comfort, such as optimization of task air conditioning type the background temperature range of acceptable and local air supply parameters range. These problems determines the energy saving potential of TAC and improve the comfort performance can be fully realized. Furthermore, due to the human task air conditioning in non uniform thermal environment, by using the existing standards and norms in PMV-PPD thermal sensation and thermal comfort prediction and evaluation method is not applicable, so it is necessary to establish the method of thermal sensation and thermal comfort evaluation task air conditioning environment. In addition, one empty The blow feeling of the environment is also the main problem that affects its performance. The prediction and evaluation of the blow feeling under the environment of the air conditioning system need to be solved.
In view of the above problems, the main contents and results of this paper are as follows:
1. proposed task air conditioning air form the chest, and carry out the basic experimental study on chest air nonhomogeneous environment of human thermal comfort. The study found that 28 ~ C environment through chest station ventilation to improve the thermal comfort of human body, and has been supplying the suitable range of air temperature, wind speed and the outlet area combination.
2. through the systematic research and comparison of task air parameters on overall thermal comfort, overall thermal sensation and local thermal sensation, between the effect of local thermal comfort and air sense of law, clarifies the non-uniform environment overall thermal comfort and overall thermal sensation and even under the environment of "one-to-one" and different "reasons for separation. A task air conditioning environment overall thermal comfort and overall heat not only feel neutral degree, but also with local thermal comfort and sense of hair relationship. Put forward the chest air non-uniform environment the overall thermal comfort prediction formula.
3. the non-uniform environment considering the average fan and temperature of each part of physiological difference calculation method is established and thought. The chest wind non-uniform environment - Calculation Method of mean skin temperature of the 14 point method.
4. in this study, the linear relationship between the thermal sensation and under steady-state conditions. Mean skin temperature under transient conditions, a linear relationship between the overall thermal sensation and average temperature and its rate of change. And get the formula of the relationship. In addition, the relationship between the overall temperature prediction experience skin feeling chest parts based on the obtained.
5. in the inhomogeneous environment, when the overall thermal sensation in the neutral zone near, we get the following conclusions: under steady-state conditions, a linear relationship between skin temperature and local thermal sensation, is two times the relationship between local thermal sensation and thermal comfort between the local. And get the chest position on the front side, arm, forearm thermal sensation the front side and the front side of the neck and thermal comfort prediction correlation. Non steady state, the linear correlations in site thermal sensation and chest part temperature and its change rate is obtained.
6. by different turbulence under the blowing experiment, reasons for the turbulence effects of blowing sense are discussed. The results show that turbulence influence the sense of hair is due to the influence of the human body skin temperature. It is proved that the skin temperature is feasible to predict the sense of hair ideas. Then, in the chest air non uniform under the environment of a chest hair feeling temperature value and the chest voting site, relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort in parts between. This relationship can be used for chest exposure under the condition of blowing feeling prediction.
7., a prediction model of dissatisfaction rate of blowing is established based on four factors including exposure time, airflow temperature, wind speed and turbulence. A empirical relation between blow up sense and blow up dissatisfaction rate is established.
The background and the parameter range of air supply for chest workstations, as well as the prediction relationship between thermal sensation, thermal comfort and blowing sensation, can provide a basis for the development and design of workplace air conditioning systems.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU831

【参考文献】