中美国家公园管理体制比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 07:35

本文选题：中美 + 国家公园　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家公园作为一国为合理地保护和利用重要的生态自然资源和历史文化遗产而设立的具有较大面积的陆地或海洋保护区域,除了资源保护之外,还有娱乐、富民等多种功能,是被实践证明了的一种能够在资源保护和利用方面实现双赢的先进管理制度。改革开放以来,中国的国家公园事业也有了长足的进步,初步建立了具有中国特色的国家公园体系并逐渐演变成了七种类型：国家森林公园、国家自然保护区、国家地质公园、国家矿山公园、国家湿地公园、国家水利风景区和国家重点风景名胜区。但是我国在推行国家公园建设的过程中,尤其是在初期阶段,由于管理机构设立不规范、立法滞后、管理理念混乱等问题,导致中国的国家公园管理体系还有许多值得改善之处。美国是国家公园管理制度成立的先锋,建设的历史时间长,实践经验十分丰富,国家公园管理模式相对成熟,经过一百多年的不断努力,美国已经建立了完整的国家公园管理体制,对我国国家公园建设来说是一个很好的参照。本文通过收集、整理现有相关文献资料和比较分析的方法全面总结了中美国家公园体系发展概状,并对比分析了中美国家公园在管理机构设置、经营体制、资金管理等方面的异同点,提取了双方在国家公园管理体制上的成功经验和教训。研究认为虽然美国国家公园管理体制比较先进、科学、完善,但由于我国基本国情、财政资金和综合国力的限制,美国的垂直领导管理体系并不适用于我国,如果盲目扩大垂直管理的范围,不仅无法解决根本问题,反而有可能降低国家公园的保护管理水平。在借鉴美国的国家公园管理模式以及管理经验的基础上,结合我国实际情况,本文对我国国家公园未来的发展提出了几方面的建议：①坚持“保护第一”的管理理念；②完善国家公园管理机构设置；③建立国家公园特许经营制度；④创新资金筹措机制,加大贫困地区财政倾斜力度；⑤注意公众参与。对于加强我国公园资源和环境的科学管理和保护,推动国家公园事业的持续、健康、协调发展,带动地方经济发展与人民生活水平的提高,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:As a large area of land or marine protection area established by a country for the rational protection and utilization of important ecological natural resources and historical and cultural heritage, national parks also have a variety of functions, such as recreation, rich people and so on, in addition to the protection of resources.It is a kind of advanced management system which has been proved to be able to achieve win-win in the protection and utilization of resources.Since the reform and opening up, China has made great progress in the cause of national parks. It has initially established a national park system with Chinese characteristics and gradually evolved into seven types: national forest park, national nature reserve, national geopark,National Mine Park, National Wetland Park, National Water Conservancy Scenic spot and National key Scenic spot.However, in the process of implementing the construction of national parks in China, especially in the initial stage, due to the non-standard establishment of management agencies, the lagging of legislation, the confusion of management concepts, and so on,As a result, China's national park management system still has a lot to improve.The United States is the pioneer of the establishment of the national park management system. It has a long history of construction, rich practical experience, and relatively mature national park management model. After more than 100 years of continuous efforts,The United States has established a complete national park management system, which is a good reference for China's national park construction.This paper summarizes the development of the national park system in China and the United States by collecting, sorting out the relevant literature and analyzing the methods of comparative analysis, and compares and analyzes the setting up and management system of the national park in China and the United States.The similarities and differences of fund management, draw the successful experiences and lessons of both sides in the national park management system.Although the national park management system in the United States is relatively advanced, scientific and perfect, it is believed that the vertical leadership management system of the United States is not suitable for our country because of the basic conditions of our country, the limitation of financial funds and comprehensive national strength.If the scope of vertical management is expanded blindly, the fundamental problems can not be solved, but the level of protection and management of national parks may be reduced.On the basis of drawing lessons from the national park management model and management experience of the United States, combined with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward several suggestions on the future development of the national park in our country: 1) insisting on the management idea of "protecting first";(2) perfect the national park management organization and set up the national park franchising system to set up the innovative financing mechanism, and increase the financial inclination in the poverty-stricken areas and pay attention to the public participation.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the scientific management and protection of our country's park resources and environment, to promote the sustained, healthy and coordinated development of the national park cause, and to promote the development of local economy and the improvement of people's living standard.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986.3

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