基于高级氧化技术的饮用水应急消毒灭菌方法的研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 07:16

本文选题：高级氧化技术 + TRO　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是人类赖以生存的资源,尤其饮用水的安全会对人体健康产生直接影响。在水污染日趋严重的形势下,目前常规的饮用水处理技术对饮用水的处理往往存在微生物杀灭效果难以达标、消毒剂本身对健康产生危害、消毒反应产生二次污染等众多问题,生活饮用水安全难以得到保障。高级氧化技术(Advanced Oxidation Technologies, AOT)是利用活性极强的羟基自由基(Hydroxyl Radical,-OH)分解水中有害物质的新型氧化技术。该技术具有广谱杀菌特性,杀灭微生物的速度极快,同时不会产生消毒副产物和二次污染,是理想的新一代饮用水消毒技术。目前高级氧化技术在饮用水处理方面的研究大多只局限于理论研究阶段,缺乏规模化的实验研究,本论文从实际应用方向出发,通过建立饮用水高级氧化处理实验系统,研究了高级氧化技术在饮用水处理中的最佳应用条件,为高级氧化技术在饮用水消毒灭菌领域的应用提供了实验依据。本研究以处理量为1t/h的饮用水高级氧化处理实验系统为平台,通过对原料气体流量、功率调节方式和处理工艺系统的不断优化与改进,建立了一套较为完善的工艺实验装置。在不同的反应路径、反应时间和活性氧自由基浓度下对不同水质状况的人工配水和天然水体进行灭菌处理,得到以下结果： 1.基于高级氧化技术的饮用水消毒灭菌方法能够满足饮用水消毒灭菌的需求。在人工配水实验中,当总氧化剂(TRO)浓度为0.7mg/L时,对细菌浓度为104～106cfu/mL的人工配水进行处理,杀灭率均可达到100%；对细菌浓度为105cfu/mL,浊度为1-3NTU或总有机碳(TOC)为0.279-2.65mg/L的人工配水进行处理,杀灭率也可达100%。在天然水体实验中,当TRO浓度为1.2mg/L时,对水质状况最差的7月份水源水进行处理,各项微生物指标能够达到国标要求； 2.同常规方法相比较,基于高级氧化技术的饮用水处理方法具有更快的消毒火菌速度。在对天然水体的处理中,氯、二氧化氯消毒技术一般需要维持消毒剂浓度在1.5mg/L左右,接触时间在20min以上时才能达到较好的灭菌效果,而高级氧化技术在TRO浓度为1.2mg/L时,仅需1min左右的反应时间即可使符项微生物指标达到国标要求； 3.水体的浊度和有机物浓度会对活性氧自由基的杀菌效果产生影响,其中有机物浓度对其影响最为严重。因此,在饮用水高级氧化技术消毒灭菌处理中,可通过增加过滤、微絮凝等前处理工艺,有效降低水体的浊度和有机物浓度,可大幅提高高级氧化技术对饮用水的消毒灭菌效果。
[Abstract]:Water is a resource for human survival, especially the safety of drinking water will have a direct impact on human health.Under the situation of water pollution becoming more and more serious, there are many problems in the treatment of drinking water by the conventional drinking water treatment technology, such as the microorganism killing effect is difficult to reach the standard, the disinfectant itself is harmful to health, the disinfection reaction produces the secondary pollution and so on.The safety of drinking water is difficult to guarantee.Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOT) is a new oxidation technology for the decomposition of harmful substances in water using highly active hydroxyl radical hydroxy radical Hydroxyl Radicala-OH.This technology has broad spectrum bactericidal property, the speed of killing microorganism is extremely fast, at the same time will not produce disinfection by-products and secondary pollution, so it is an ideal new generation of drinking water disinfection technology.At present, the research of advanced oxidation technology in drinking water treatment is limited to the stage of theoretical research, lacking of large-scale experimental research. In this paper, the experimental system of advanced oxidation treatment of drinking water is established from the practical application direction.The optimum application conditions of advanced oxidation technology in drinking water treatment were studied, which provided experimental basis for the application of advanced oxidation technology in the field of disinfection and sterilization of drinking water.Based on the experimental system of advanced oxidation treatment of drinking water with 1t/h as the processing capacity, a set of perfect experimental equipment was set up through the optimization and improvement of the flow rate of raw gas, the mode of power regulation and the treatment process system.Under different reaction paths, reaction time and the concentration of reactive oxygen free radicals, the artificial and natural water bodies with different water quality conditions were sterilized, and the following results were obtained:1.The method of disinfection and sterilization of drinking water based on advanced oxidation technology can meet the need of disinfection and sterilization of drinking water.In the artificial water distribution experiment, when the concentration of total oxidant Tro is 0.7mg/L, the killing rate of artificial water with bacterial concentration of 104~106cfu/mL can reach 100%, and the artificial water with bacterial concentration of 105 cfur / mL, turbidity of 1-3NTU or total organic carbon (TOC) as 0.279-2.65mg/L is treated.The killing rate can also reach 100.In the natural water experiment, when the concentration of TRO is 1.2mg/L, the source water with the worst water quality in July can be treated, and the microbial indexes can meet the requirements of the national standard.2.Compared with the conventional methods, the advanced oxidation-based drinking water treatment method has a faster rate of disinfection of fire bacteria.In the treatment of natural water, the disinfection technology of chlorine and chlorine dioxide usually needs to maintain the disinfectant concentration around 1.5mg/L, and the contact time is more than 20min to achieve better sterilization effect, while the advanced oxidation technology can achieve better sterilization effect when the concentration of TRO is 1.2mg/L.Only the reaction time of 1min can make the microbial index of the symbol reach the national standard.3.The turbidity and concentration of organic compounds in water will affect the bactericidal effect of reactive oxygen free radicals, and the concentration of organic compounds has the most serious influence on the bactericidal effect of Ros.Therefore, in the disinfection and sterilization of drinking water by advanced oxidation technology, the turbidity and organic concentration of water can be effectively reduced by adding filtration, micro-flocculation and other pretreatment processes.It can greatly improve the disinfection and sterilization effect of advanced oxidation technology on drinking water.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.25

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