基于自组织与多智能体系统的城市形态与交通需求研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 01:32

本文选题：城市形态 + 自组织　；参考：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国处于城市化快速发展阶段，城市化规模庞大。特大城市不断涌现，交通、能耗、环境问题日益突出，降低城市的运行效率与宜居性。很大一部分城市问题，尤其是交通问题，都与土地利用形态不尽合理有关。城市的发展问题，土地利用与交通需求的关系一直是研究关注的热点。自组织力量是影响城市演化，塑造城市形态的主要力量之一。要通过规划引导城市往良性方向发展，有必要了解并把握城市自组织发展的规律。本文回顾了城市发展史上的自组织与他组织，阐明了研究自组织的重要性，建立了基于新经济地理学、城市系统动力学的城市空间形态演化模型。模型中城市里存在消费者服务业与生产者服务业，城市居民既是消费者，又是劳动力，具有对消费品多样性的偏好，根据效用最大化原则选择居住地与工作地。模型引入通勤成本，考虑职住分离，通过调整交通成本参数，包括消费品交通成本，中间产品交通成本与通勤成本，对不同形态的城市进行模拟，研究在自组织状态下各种典型形态城市的产业、人口布局的演化过程，展现了交通成本与区位特征对城市产业、人口布局的影响，结果显示两种产业在演化过程中存在形成单中心和多中心模式的可能性。城市有着集聚的本性，纯粹依赖市场的自组织，很难形成多中心的格局。本文进而研究特定形态城市的交通需求特性，首先对单中心和多中心两种形态的城市的优缺点进行了论述，提出单元城市的概念。基于多智能体系统构建自下而上的城市微观模拟系统，结合竞租理论、经济地理学、交通规划理论等学科的成果，考虑家庭结构的影响，考虑通勤、消费、工作三种出行，定量研究单中心城市与单元城市在交通效率、碳排放上的区别。结果表明，对于超过一定规模的城市，单元城市在减少交通需求、节能减排上有更好的表现。一个规划合理的单元城市与一般单中心城市相比，能减少超过40%的长距离交通量，交通碳排放量减少约25%。基于单元城市的优越性，本文进一步深入细化单元城市的规划理念与设计原则，对一个虚拟的城市单元进行初步规划设计，包括基本形态与交通需求，城市结构，城市单元，单元群以及交通规划，为单元城市规划提供了初步框架。
[Abstract]:Our country is in the rapid development stage of urbanization, the scale of urbanization is huge. The problems of transportation, energy consumption and environment are becoming more and more serious, which reduces the efficiency and livability of the city. A large part of urban problems, especially traffic problems, are related to unreasonable land use patterns. The problem of urban development, the relationship between land use and traffic demand has always been the focus of attention. Self-organizing force is one of the main forces influencing urban evolution and shaping urban form. It is necessary to understand and grasp the law of urban self-organization development in order to guide the city to develop in a benign direction through planning. This paper reviews the history of self-organization and other organization in the history of urban development, clarifies the importance of studying self-organization, and establishes a model of urban spatial morphology evolution based on new economic geography and urban system dynamics. In the model, there are consumer service industry and producer service industry in the city. Urban residents are both consumers and labors, and they have a preference for the diversity of consumer goods. According to the principle of utility maximization, urban residents choose their places of residence and work. The model introduces commuting cost, considers the separation of occupation and residence, and simulates different types of cities by adjusting the parameters of transportation cost, including transportation cost of consumer goods, transportation cost of intermediate products and commuting cost. This paper studies the evolvement process of population distribution in various typical cities under the condition of self-organization, and shows the influence of transportation cost and location characteristics on urban industry and population distribution. The results show that the two industries have the possibility of forming uni-center and multi-center models in the evolution process. Cities have the nature of agglomeration, relying solely on the self-organization of the market, it is difficult to form a multi-center pattern. In this paper, the characteristics of traffic demand of specific cities are studied. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of single-center and multi-center cities are discussed, and the concept of "unit city" is put forward. Based on the multi-agent system, a bottom-up urban micro-simulation system is constructed, which combines the achievements of competing rent theory, economic geography, traffic planning theory, and considers the influence of family structure, commuting, consumption and work. The difference between single center city and unit city in traffic efficiency and carbon emission is studied quantitatively. The results show that the unit cities have better performance in reducing traffic demand, energy saving and emission reduction for cities over a certain scale. A well-planned unit city can reduce long-distance traffic by more than 40 percent and reduce its carbon emissions by about 25 percent compared with the average single-center city. Based on the superiority of the unit city, this paper further refines the planning idea and design principle of the unit city, and carries on the preliminary planning and design to a virtual city unit, including the basic form and the traffic demand, the city structure, the city unit, Unit groups and traffic planning provide a preliminary framework for unit city planning.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U12;TU984

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