校园公共建筑节能设计及室内温度场仿真模拟

发布时间：2018-04-21 22:43

  本文选题：公共建筑 + 节约型校园　； 参考：《广东工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源是人类赖以生存和发展的基本条件。建筑节能是提高经济效益的重要措施,也是减小温室效应,保护生态环境的重要手段。建筑节能是贯彻可持续发展战略的一个重要组成部分,是执行节约能源,保护环境的基本国策,也是当前全球性的发展大趋势。 高校节能监管系统建设是高校节能减排、为响应国家关于建设国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管体系而进行的一项节能系统工程建设。本文从整体上设计了广东工业大学节能监管系统的建设方案。 以广东工业大学大学城校区教学楼为节能改造实例,对其空调课室课室内进行能耗分析,从建筑节能的角度分析其建筑设计的优劣,从建筑维护结构和空调智能控制改造两方面设计了其节能改造实施方案。 使用ANSYS CFX仿真软件数值模拟空调课室温度场的分布变化情况,从多个角度出发仿真课室的温度场变化并作对比研究,研究各个因素对空调室内温度场变化分布的影响,包括不同空调开启时间、不同的窗户朝向、不同的回风口位置以及窗玻璃贴隔热膜与否。通过以上的分析研究力图找出影响空调课室温度场变化的各个影响因子及其所占比重,通过仿真模拟分析结果为夏热冬暖地区带有大面积玻璃幕墙的公共建筑的节能改造提供依据和参考。 仿真计算研究结果表明,在北纬25度的广州地区高校教学楼课室,对于窗墙比数值较大的建筑物,当夏季太阳辐射强烈,室外温度达到30℃以上时,由于中午12：00后为中午休息空调停机。在下午第一节课上课(13：30)之前必须提前15分钟开启空调冷气给课室预冷才能保证课室大部分空间温度保持在28℃以下。分析课室内温度场、气流场结果表明,提前开启空调机组有利于冷风迅速均匀地布满整个课室。 在北纬25度的广州地区,对于窗墙比数值较大的建筑物,室外温度达到30℃以上时,以广东工业大学教学楼可容纳54人的课室为例,中午13：30-14：15时间段上课的课室,在满负荷即学生坐满座位上课的情况下室内温度区域划分明显,课室讲台附近和第一排的温度很低,处于22℃-25℃范围,越靠近后排温度越高,最后2排的温度上升明显,在Time=13：50以后最后2排温度就接近29℃-30℃。仿真结果表明课室后排区域温度会很高,且入座率较高时不易于空气流通,加剧温度上升；中间的两横排不仅温度低且气流速度较快。 广东工业大学校内建筑窗户大部分为南北朝向,只有极少数房间为东西朝向,太阳辐射强烈室外温度达30℃以上时,窗户东西朝向的建筑比窗户南北朝向的建筑冷负荷要大的多,特别是大窗墙比的建筑,在中午13：30-14：15这段时间,提前15分钟开启空调窗户东西朝向的房间现有的常规的制冷设备也无法负担室内人员正常教学和工作,若增加冷气设备,设备及冷气费用投资都不低；窗户东西朝向的房间通过装贴玻璃隔热贴膜可以有效地阻挡太阳辐射,降低室内温度,在中午13：30-14：15时间段,可容纳54人的贴膜课室上课前15分钟提前开启空调,使用原有常规的冷气设施可以提供20-30人正常教学； 对于空调房间而言,设计时回风口位置不宜与送风口处于同一水平面上,这样大量浪费冷气流量,由于冷空气易下沉,如若进风口设置在高处,回风口位置也不宜设置靠近地板过低的水平面上； 仿真计算研究结果表明,对于人员密集聚会的公共建筑,当夏季室内原始温度过高时,为保证聚会开始时便有一个较舒适的温度环境,工作人员往往把空调的初始制冷温度设置得很低甚至是最低温度下限,而室内人员的密集座位空间设计(特别是剧院、会场与教室),由于密集的人员分布使得制冷空气无法均匀分布于室内各个方位,随着时间的推移,离制冷设备距离近得空间和较空旷空间的温度比密集空间的温度低得多。而密集空间才是真正需要制冷空气的空间,密集空间的温度一直难于降下来这就使得空调的制冷温度设置一直保持很低却没有很好的制冷效果。这也使距离制冷设备的近空间和室内空旷空间的温度很低,这与国家节能标准规定的所有公共建筑夏季空调温度设置不低于26℃的条文相背离。出于此,剧院、会场与教室等公共建筑的座位设计与空调送风口、回风口的布置对于空调节能的作用便显得尤为重要。
[Abstract]:Energy is the basic condition for human survival and development. Building energy conservation is an important measure to improve economic efficiency. It is also an important means to reduce the greenhouse effect and protect the ecological environment. Building energy conservation is an important part of implementing the sustainable development strategy. It is the basic national policy of implementing the energy conservation and protecting the environment, and is also the current global policy. The trend of the development of sex.
The construction of energy saving supervision system in Colleges and universities is an energy saving and emission reduction system in Colleges and universities. In response to the state's construction of energy saving system for building state office buildings and large public buildings, the construction scheme of energy conservation supervision system of Guangdong University of Technology is designed in this paper.
Taking the teaching building of the university campus of Guangdong University of Technology as an example of energy-saving reconstruction, the energy consumption analysis is carried out in the classroom room of the air conditioning class room. From the viewpoint of building energy saving, the advantages and disadvantages of its architectural design are analyzed, and the implementation scheme of energy conservation reform is designed from two aspects of building maintenance structure and air conditioning intelligent control transformation.
ANSYS CFX simulation software is used to simulate the distribution and variation of temperature field in air conditioning classrooms. From multiple angles, the temperature field changes in the classroom are simulated and compared. The influence of various factors on the temperature field distribution in the air conditioning room is studied, including the opening time of the air conditioning, the different window orientation, the different position of the air outlet and the position of the air conditioner. Through the above analysis, we try to find out the influence factors and the proportion of the influence factors of the temperature field change in the air conditioning class. Through the simulation and analysis results, it provides the basis and reference for the energy saving transformation of the public buildings with large area glass curtain wall in the hot and winter warm winter warm area.
The results of simulation and calculation show that in Guangzhou area of 25 degrees north latitude, the classroom of college teaching building, when the window wall and wall are larger than the numerical value, when the solar radiation is strong in summer and the outdoor temperature is above 30 degrees, the air conditioning stops at noon 12:00 after noon. It must be 15 minutes before class one class (13:30) in the afternoon. The air conditioning cold air is pre cooled to the classroom to ensure that most of the room temperature is kept below 28. The temperature field in the classroom is analyzed. The results of air flow field show that the early opening of the air conditioning unit is beneficial to the cold wind to fill the whole classroom quickly and evenly.
In the Guangzhou area of 25 degrees north latitude, when the outdoor temperature is above 30 centigrade, the room temperature is more than 30 degrees, with the class room of the Guangdong University of Technology teaching building holding 54 people as an example. The class room of the class at the noon 13:30-14:15 time section is clearly divided in the room temperature area under the full load that the students are full of seats in the class. The temperature near the platform and the first row is very low, at the range of 22 -25 C, the higher the temperature of the back row is higher, the temperature of the last 2 rows is rising obviously. The last 2 rows of temperature after Time=13:50 are close to 29 C -30 C. The simulation results show that the temperature of the back row of the class room will be very high, and the air circulation is not easy to increase when the entrance rate is high. The two row in the middle is not only low in temperature but also fast in airflow.
Most of the windows of the building in Guangdong University of Technology are north and south, only a few rooms are toward the East and West. When the solar radiation is more than 30 centigrade, the building of the windows toward the building is much more cold than the north and south of the window, especially the building with large window and wall ratio, in the midday 13:30-14:15 period, in advance. The existing conventional refrigeration equipment in the room with 15 minutes to open the air-conditioned windows can not afford the normal teaching and work of the indoor personnel. If the cooling equipment, equipment and air conditioning costs are not low, the room facing the windows can effectively block the solar radiation and reduce the temperature in the room. In the 13:30-14:15 period of noon, the air conditioning is opened in advance for 15 minutes before class, which can accommodate 54 people, and 20-30 normal teaching can be provided by the conventional cold air facilities.
For air-conditioned rooms, the air outlet position should not be in the same horizontal plane as the air outlet, so the air flow is wasted. As the cold air is easy to sink, if the inlet air inlet is set in the high place, the position of the air inlet should not be set near the low level surface of the floor.
The results of the simulation study show that, for the public buildings of a crowded party, when the indoor temperature is too high in the summer, in order to ensure a comfortable temperature environment at the beginning of the party, the staff often set the initial cooling temperature of the air conditioner very low or even the lowest temperature lower limit, while the dense seat space of the indoor personnel is set up. As a result of time, the temperature of the space and the space of the cooler is much lower than that of the dense space, and the dense space is the space that really needs the refrigeration air, and the dense space is the space that really needs the refrigeration air. The temperature of the space has been difficult to drop down. This makes the cooling temperature of the air conditioning kept very low but has no good cooling effect. This also makes the distance between the near space and the open space of the refrigeration equipment very low, which is not less than 26 C in the summer air conditioning temperature of all public buildings stipulated by the national energy saving standard. Out of this, the design of the seats in the public buildings and the air vents of the public buildings, such as the theater, the meeting room and the classroom, and the layout of the air vent are particularly important for the energy saving of the air conditioning.

【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU244;TU201.5

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