中东铁路附属地砖石建筑的审美意匠

发布时间：2018-04-30 10:53

本文选题：中东铁路 + 附属地　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪末二十世纪初，沙俄在中国的领土上修建一条贯穿辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古四省并直达海参崴的“T”字形铁路，即为“大清东省铁路”，后简称“中东铁路”。这条铁路由沙俄设计并主持建设，它的建成推动了地区城市化进程，并在沿线建造了大量的铁路和生活类建筑。在建设中引入最先进的建筑技术和流行的艺术风格，使得建筑兼具使用价值和艺术价值。论文从美学的角度对中东铁路砖石建筑所呈现的特征进行解析。“美”这一虚无缥缈的概念，落于固定的建筑载体之上，可以被感触得到。在对中东铁路沿线历史建筑研究的过程中发现这些建筑所具有的特异之美，包含着时代的特点、地域性的反馈以及人为的引导。“美”由“形式”，“环境”，“技术”，“心理”这四个方面的内容来决定。“形式”即指建筑形式方面的规律和形态的研究；“环境”即自然与社会环境对建筑美的影响；“技术”与建筑的美从来都是相依相伴的，建筑的技术支持建筑美的实现，是对“技与艺”结合的研究；“心理”即是美在观者心理知觉上的感受。本文将这四项基本内容隐含在文章之中，并且对解析建筑美的总体脉络进行重新梳理。对于美的思想与手法形式方面的研究正符合论文题目中的“审美意匠”的范畴。以二元视角切入，从“理性”与“感性”两个相悖的角度对中东铁路干线附属地砖石建筑的美加以诠释。对于形体，沙俄设计师多以理性的方式建构。本文从最基础的体量组合开始到立面构图的运算系统，再到立面构图的比例尺度，，以层层递进的方式对理性之“形”加以阐述分析。文章提出群集和次级系统的概念，对立面构图分层次地解读。以几何方式分析构图原则，得出建筑匀称、均衡之美的数理依据。正是上述的这些共性的组合特征形成了标准化的铁路沿线建筑。对于式样，铁路附属地建筑充分地表现出了“感性”之美。对感性之美的阐释主要从材质、装饰以及建筑的图底关系三个方面进行。回归到建筑最本质的材质，以材料的肌理和组合营造最初的美的构架。分层次地对附加性的装饰美加以归纳，意图展现建筑的不同特征。重视观者的视觉感知，利用建筑立面的图底关系丰富建筑给人的直观认识。对中东铁路附属地砖石建筑的美学研究过程，同时也是一个“正”与“反”的思辨过程。论文使用了类型学、几何分析、数理研究和心理学等各种跨学科研究方法，确保研究的逻辑性。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Czarist Russia built a "T" railway running through Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces and directly to Vladivostok on the territory of China, that is, the "Eastern Province Railway in the Qing Dynasty", which was later referred to as "the Middle East Railway". The railway was designed and built by Czarist Russia, which promoted the urbanization of the region and built a large number of railways and living buildings along the route. The introduction of the most advanced architectural technology and popular artistic style in the construction makes the architecture have both practical and artistic value. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Middle East railway masonry architecture from the point of view of aesthetics. The ethereal concept of beauty, which falls on a fixed architectural carrier, can be felt. In the course of studying the historical buildings along the Middle East railway, we find that the special beauty of these buildings includes the characteristics of the times, regional feedback and artificial guidance. Beauty is determined by four aspects: form, environment, technology and psychology. "form" means the study of the law and form of architectural form; "environment" is the influence of natural and social environment on architectural beauty; "technology" and architectural beauty are always dependent on each other, and architectural technology supports the realization of architectural beauty. "Psychology" is the feeling of beauty in the psychological perception of the viewer. In this paper, the four basic contents are hidden in the article, and the analysis of the overall context of architectural beauty is rearranged. The research on the thought and form of beauty accords with the category of "aesthetic craftsman" in the title of the thesis. From the angle of view of duality, this paper interprets the beauty of the brick and stone buildings attached to the railway trunk line in the Middle East from the angle of "rationality" and "sensibility". For the shape, Russian designers more rational way to construct. In this paper, from the most basic volume combination to the operation system of vertical composition, and then to the scale of vertical composition, the rational "shape" is expounded and analyzed in a progressive manner. In this paper, the concepts of cluster and secondary system are put forward, and the contralateral composition is interpreted at different levels. The mathematical basis of the beauty of symmetry and balance of buildings is obtained by analyzing the principle of composition in geometric way. It is these common characteristics of the combination of the formation of standardized construction along the railway. As for the style, the buildings attached to the railway show the beauty of sensibility. The interpretation of sensual beauty is mainly from three aspects: material, decoration and the relationship between the drawing and bottom of architecture. Return to the most essential materials of the building, with the texture and combination of materials to create the initial beauty of the frame. In order to show the different features of architecture, the additional decorative beauty is summed up in different levels. Pay attention to the visual perception of the viewer and enrich the visual understanding of the building by using the relationship between the building facade and the bottom. The aesthetic research process of the middle east railway adjunct floor tile and stone building is also a process of "positive" and "anti". Various interdisciplinary research methods, such as typology, geometric analysis, mathematical research and psychology, are used to ensure the logic of the research.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU365;TU-80

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