基于PLC的模糊PID电梯控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:25

本文选题：电梯系统 + s7-200　；参考：《天津大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电力电子技术的发展，晶闸管变流技术越来越多地用于电梯系统，简化了电梯的拖动系统，使其性能得到提高。进入20世纪，通过控制电动机调整定子供电电压和频率形成了电梯运行速度的VVVF变压变频系统出现，开辟了电梯拖动系统的另一篇章。当前，在电梯电力拖动系统中，除了负载较大的电梯还需要采用直流拖动系统以外，直流调速电梯已经逐步被交流变频调速电梯所取代。另外，随着计算机技术和电子技术的进步和发展，传统的继电控制技术逐渐被先进、方便的微控制器技术取代，进一步提高电梯的安全性和可靠性，并降低了现场调试的要求。由此可见，电气控制技术是电梯发展的核心，电梯的速度曲线则是电气控制技术的重要目标。本文首先介绍了电梯发展的趋势以及技术变革的必要性，通过介绍交流调速的技术最新进展阐述电梯技术的发展；通过对比PID控制器和模糊PID控制器的抗干扰能力来选定模糊PID控制器为本文电梯控制系统的核心控制策略；分析PID控制器与模糊PID控制器的基本原理，通过对比Matlab仿真效果图，总结两种控制器的优缺点；研究模糊PID控制器的设计方法和步骤，进一步在建立电梯控制模型的基础之上完成了基于PLC的模糊PID控制器的设计，并进行Matlab的仿真验证；在设计方案基础上一方面完成了TVT—2000E组合式多层电梯控制模型硬件系统的设计，其中机械部分主要包括曳引系统重量平衡系统、电梯安全保护装置、电梯变频调速装置，，电气部分包括PLC、变频器、触摸屏等装置，另一方面完成了软件系统的设计，包括手动控制程序、电梯校准程序、自动复位控制程序、呼梯信号锁定与清除程序、电梯轿厢开、关门控制程序、电梯轿厢加、减速控制程序等。采用了先进的PLC可编程控制器来实现模糊PID控制，完成了基于PLC的模糊PID电梯控制系统，经现场调试，在承重变化的情况下，确保电梯运行速度按照预定曲线运行，并且通过计算机仿真和实验验证模糊PID调节器控制性能好，响应快，过渡过程时间短，鲁棒性好。
[Abstract]:With the development of electric and electronic technology, the thyristor flow technology is more and more used in the elevator system, which simplifies the drag system of the elevator and improves its performance. In twentieth Century, the VVVF variable frequency system of the elevator running speed was formed by controlling the stator voltage and frequency of the motor adjusting the stator power and frequency, and the elevator drag system was opened up. At present, in the elevator electric drive system, the DC speed regulating elevator has been gradually replaced by the AC variable frequency speed control elevator. Besides, with the progress and development of computer technology and electronic technology, the traditional relay control technology has been progressively advanced. It can be seen that the electric control technology is the core of the development of the elevator, and the speed curve of the elevator is the important goal of the electric control technology.
This paper first introduces the trend of the development of elevator and the necessity of technological change. By introducing the latest progress in the technology of AC speed regulation, the development of elevator technology is expounded. By comparing the anti-interference ability of PID controller and fuzzy PID controller, fuzzy PID controller is selected as the core control strategy of the elevator control system, and PID is analyzed. The basic principle of the controller and the fuzzy PID controller, by comparing the Matlab simulation effect diagram, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two controllers, studies the design methods and steps of the fuzzy PID controller, and further completes the design of the fuzzy PID controller based on the PLC based on the establishment of the elevator control model, and carries out the simulation verification of the Matlab. On the basis of the design scheme, the design of the hardware system of the TVT - 2000E combined multi-layer elevator control model is completed. The mechanical part mainly includes the weight balance system of the traction system, the elevator safety protection device, the elevator frequency conversion speed control device, the electrical part including the PLC, the frequency converter, the touch screen and so on, and the software has completed the software on the other. The design of the system includes manual control program, elevator calibration program, automatic reset control program, elevator signal locking and cleaning program, elevator car opening, door closing control program, elevator car addition, deceleration control program and so on.
The advanced PLC programmable controller is adopted to realize fuzzy PID control, and the fuzzy PID elevator control system based on PLC is completed. After debugging in the field, the elevator running speed is ensured to run according to the predetermined curve under the condition of load bearing change, and the fuzzy PID regulator has good control performance, quick response and transition through the computer simulation and experimental verification. The process time is short and the robustness is good.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU857;TP273

【参考文献】