云南传统民居木构架系列比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 22:30

本文选题：云南传统民居 + 木构架　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为民居形态各构成部分的技术核心,云南传统民居木构架体系表现出强烈的地域特征,所谓“出于斯长于斯”,与云南各地的地域环境融为一体,成为地理名片。云南传统民居木构架不仅代表着地方传统建筑体系的智慧和技艺,也是云南地方传统文化的一种物质化反映。本论文以当前时空背景下云南城镇和乡村住屋更新进程中不可避免的结构、材料和技术变革等现状为现实出发点,在对既有材料和文献的收集、归纳、翻译、分类比较和相关的田野调查的基础上,试图以类型学、拓扑学的视角对云南传统民居木构架的主要类型、历史演进、建构逻辑进行系统深入的理解；通过对构架、地区、民族三元化系统比较,找出传统民居木构架中的恒量(共性),并分析各种变量(差异)产生的根据(成因)。重点针对一些具有地区和民族代表性的传统民居木构架进行系统分类和解析,通过对各地区、各民族的传统民居木构架的多元性(Diversity)、多发性(Multiplicity)等特点以及传统民居木构架的营造匠意的剖析,探讨云南传统民居木构架与自然环境、社会文化和经济技术几个因素的关系,从比较中发现不同木构架类型中存在的连续性和差异性,总结出传统民居木构架的地方性模式语言,一方面加深对传统民居木构架体系的系统归纳与再认识,另一方面也希望所总结出的传统民居木构架对“新民居”、新地域主义(Neo-regionalism)创作给予借鉴和启发,进而对传统民居的保护、传承发挥一定的作用,将地域建筑的遗传因子、传统建筑语言延续下来。云南传统民居木构架类型分化是“原型”(Archetype)生成“变型”(Variant)的过程。立足于类型学的分析方法,按照结构和空间特征,将这些木构架划分到：干栏式木构架、井干式木构架、密梁式平顶木构架、汉式合院民居木构架等四个范畴,寻找同一性和差异性；运用拓扑变化原理,探讨时空维度下木构架衍化的连续性。干栏式木构架体系具有调节微气候的建构智慧,表现出地域分化下的影响,架空形式、接地方式、技术选择等的变化,以及与其他构架体系的混合同样演变出不同类型。井干式木构架体系作为古氐羌民族广泛使用的民居形式,在复杂的作用因素下,按用材、构成形式和与山地结合等分类分析,整理归纳该构架体系对云南本土多元化的适应性特征。密梁式平顶木构架被归为两类,滇中和滇南的彝族、哈尼族的“土掌房”和“蘑菇房”是云南干热地区的适应机制；而滇西北藏族土库房的密梁式平顶构架则是干冷地区的另一种反应。通过比较,总结出构架体系对气候地理等客观因素的适应模式。各地的汉式合院民居木构架具有诸多共同的“原型”特征,论文以滇中、滇西、滇南、滇东北四个地区为坐标,分别阐述多因素综合作用下的木构架原型及演化特征,试图比较得出表象下的隐形逻辑。论文最后对传统民居在择地、择向、择时、备料、尺度等建筑活动中遵循的思维范式进行总结,并从符号学转译的角度剖析构架体系内在表达的特定地理条件和文化观念。本论文将对时下及未来的民间技艺传承和保护工作起到一定的作用,对保持云南民居文化的多样性的价值和当代地域建筑创作提供理论和实践上的借鉴。
[Abstract]:As the technical core of the various components of the form of the residence, the traditional wooden frame system in Yunnan has shown strong regional characteristics. The so-called "out of Si is long Yu", integrated with the regional environment in all parts of Yunnan and became a geographical card. The traditional wooden frame of Yunnan not only represents the wisdom and skill of the local traditional architecture system, but also the technology of the local traditional architecture system. A materialized reflection of the local traditional culture in Yunnan.
Based on the current situation of the inevitable structure of Yunnan urban and rural housing renewal process under the current space-time background, the present situation of material and technological change is the starting point. On the basis of the collection, induction, translation, classification comparison and related field investigation of the existing materials and literature, the paper tries to make the Yunnan tradition in the perspective of typology and topology. The main types, historical evolution and construction logic of the residential wooden frame are understood in a systematic and thorough way. Through the comparison of the structure, area and national three yuan system, we find out the constant (commonness) in the traditional residential wooden frame and analyze the basis of the various variables (the difference). The systematic classification and analysis of the wooden frame, through the analysis of the diversity (Diversity), Multiplicity, and the craftsmen of the traditional dwellings of the traditional dwellings of various ethnic groups, as well as the construction craftsmen of the traditional dwellings, discussed the relationship between the wooden frame of the traditional dwellings in Yunnan and the natural environment, the social culture and the economic and technological factors. From the comparison, we found the continuity and difference of the different wooden frame types, summed up the local model language of the traditional dwellings wooden frame. On the one hand, it deepened the systematic induction and recognition of the traditional dwellings wooden frame system. On the other hand, it also hoped that the traditional dwellings and wooden frames summed up to the "new dwellings", the New Regionalism (Neo-re Gionalism) the creation of the reference and inspiration, and then the protection of traditional folk houses, inheritance play a certain role, the genetic factor of regional architecture, the traditional architectural language continued.
The differentiation of wooden frame types in Yunnan traditional dwellings is the process of "prototype" (Archetype) to produce "Variant". Based on the analysis method of typology, according to the structure and spatial characteristics, these wooden frames are divided into four categories: dry column wooden frame, dry wood frame, dense beam flat roof frame, Han style courtyard house frame and so on. In order to find identity and difference, the continuity of wood frame evolution in time and space dimensions is discussed by using topological change principle.
The dry wooden frame system has the construction wisdom to regulate the microclimate, shows the changes under the regional differentiation, the aerial form, the grounding mode, the technology choice and so on, as well as the different types of mixing with the other structural systems. The well dry wooden frame system is used as a popular form of residence in the ancient Di and Qiang ethnic groups, and in complex works According to the factors, according to the classification analysis of the timber, the form and the combination with the mountain area, the adaptability characteristics of the structural system for Yunnan local pluralism are summarized and summed up. The MMI beam type flat top timber frame is classified as two types, the Yi people in Yunnan and southern Yunnan, the "earth Palm House" and "mushroom house" of the Hani nationality are the adaptation mechanism of the Yunnan dry hot area; and Western Yunnan. The dense beam flat top frame of the northern Tibetan soil reservoir is another reaction in the dry and cold area. Through comparison, the paper summarizes the adaptation mode of the frame system to the objective factors of climate and geography. The wooden frame of the Han style courtyard house has many common "Archetype" features, and the paper is divided into four regions in Central Yunnan, western Yunnan, South Yunnan and Northeast Yunnan. Do not elaborate the prototype and evolution characteristics of the wooden frame under multi factor combined effect, try to compare the invisible logic under the image. Finally, the thesis summarizes the thinking paradigm of traditional residence in the architectural activities such as selection, selection, selection, preparation, scale and so on, and analyses the specific area of the internal expression of the frame system from the angle of translation of semiotics. This paper will play a certain role in the inheritance and protection of folk art in the future and in the future, and will provide a theoretical and practical reference to the value of maintaining the diversity of Yunnan folk culture and the creation of contemporary regional architecture.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU253

【参考文献】