引导使用者绿色行为的北京高层办公建筑设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 02:00

本文选题：高层办公建筑 + 建筑心理　；参考：《北京工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球一体化时代的到来，在城市中心繁华地带，为了使有限的土地容纳城市所需的大量办公场所，办公建筑不得不向高空发展。因此，高层办公建筑成为当今办公建筑形式的主流。北京市是我国高层办公建筑最为密集的地区之一，研究北京市高层办公建筑的能耗以及使用者行为在全国范围内具有代表性。国内高层办公建筑能耗研究中，容易被忽视的一个很重要的因素就是人为因素,如“随手关门关窗”、“避免白天开灯”、“下班关电脑等办公设备”等都是能够减少能耗的绿色行为。因此作者运用建筑心理学的原理，对北京高层办公建筑能耗中交通核能耗（主要是电梯），室内照明，空调采暖能耗与使用者之间的关系进行深入分析。作者利用一年多时间，采取照度计测试、问卷调查和模拟相结合的调研方法，对位于北京市既有的高层办公建筑进行实地调研。主要调研的高层办公建筑集中在CBD商圈，燕莎商圈，中关村商圈三个核心商业圈，还有二环沿线若干区域的高层办公建筑，，总计80座。作者通过对交通核设计方法进行分类统计，对于交通核内楼梯和电梯的使用情况进行了细致的调查，并提出了改进的设计思路，力求减少交通核能耗。建筑自然采光对使用者有多方面的影响，当前的办公建筑室内光环境存在不小的问题。作者利用建筑光环境模拟软件Ecotect Analysis对北京高层办公建筑标准层的采光情况进行了多种形式的模拟，涉及建筑形体、交通核设计方式和室内进深对自然采光的影响。合理的自然采光设计可以在保证室内的照度情况和舒适度的基础上，引导使用者合理的减少建筑照明能耗。北京高层办公建筑中的中央空调制冷和采暖技术除了带来巨大能耗之外，还对使用者的生理和心理带来的不利影响。作者利用风环境模拟软件CFD-Phoenics对办公室内的通风情况进行了多种形式的模拟，提出适合北京的通风设计策略，调节建筑内部微气候，引导使用者减少对空调的使用。同时，适当的调高夏季制冷期空调温度和调低冬季采暖季的空调温度，并减少办公室冬季开窗率。总之，本文的绿色行为是指建筑师通过塑造空间，引导人们在建筑中的行为，满足使用者在建筑空间内的基本生理和心理需求的基础上，让人们在获得空间舒适感和愉悦感，自发的以更健康更节能的方式使用建筑。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the era of global integration, in the bustling urban center, in order to make the limited land to accommodate a large number of office space required by the city, office buildings have to develop high altitude. Therefore, the high-rise office building has become the mainstream of office building. Beijing is one of the most densely concentrated high-rise office buildings in China. The energy consumption and user behavior of high-rise office buildings in Beijing are representative in the whole country. In the study of energy consumption of high-rise office buildings in China, one of the most important factors that is easy to be ignored is human factors, such as "closing the windows by closing the doors" and "avoiding turning on the lights during the day." Office equipment such as off-duty computers are green behaviors that reduce energy consumption. Therefore, based on the theory of architectural psychology, the author makes a deep analysis of the relationship between the energy consumption of transportation nuclear energy (mainly elevator, indoor lighting, air conditioning heating energy consumption and users) in Beijing high-rise office buildings. In this paper, the author used the method of illumination meter test, questionnaire investigation and simulation to investigate the existing high-rise office buildings in Beijing for more than a year. The main research high-rise office buildings are concentrated in the CBD commercial circle, Yansha business circle, Zhongguancun commercial circle three core business circles, as well as a number of high-rise office buildings along the second Ring Road, a total of 80. Based on the classification and statistics of traffic kernel design method, the author makes a detailed investigation on the use of stairs and elevators in the traffic core, and puts forward an improved design idea in order to reduce the energy consumption of traffic nuclear. The natural lighting of buildings has many influences on the users. There are many problems in the indoor light environment of office buildings. In this paper, the authors use the building light environment simulation software Ecotect Analysis to simulate the lighting of the standard layer of Beijing high-rise office building in various forms, including the shape of the building, the design mode of the traffic core and the influence of the indoor depth on the natural lighting. Reasonable natural lighting design can guide the users to reduce the energy consumption of building lighting reasonably on the basis of ensuring indoor illumination and comfort. The central air-conditioning refrigeration and heating technology in Beijing high-rise office buildings not only brings huge energy consumption, but also has a negative impact on the physical and psychological performance of the users. The author makes use of the wind environment simulation software CFD-Phoenics to simulate the ventilation situation in the office in various forms, puts forward the ventilation design strategy suitable for Beijing, adjusts the microclimate inside the building, and guides the users to reduce the use of air conditioning. At the same time, the air conditioning temperature in the summer refrigeration period should be adjusted properly and the air conditioning temperature in the winter heating season should be lowered, and the window opening rate of the office in winter should be reduced. In a word, the green behavior in this paper means that the architect can create space, guide people's behavior in architecture, satisfy the basic physiological and psychological needs of the users in the building space, and make people feel comfortable and happy in the space. Use buildings spontaneously in a healthier and more energy-efficient way.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU243

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