粉煤灰基地聚合物轻质防火保温材料的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 17:43

本文选题：粉煤灰 + 地聚合物　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：多年来,我国80%以上的保温材料都使用了一些易燃材料,这些易燃材料的使用,导致了严重的生命和财产损失。地聚合物是一种“绿色”的无机胶凝材料,拥有优异的力学性能以及耐高温性能。将粉煤灰基地聚合物材料应用到保温领域,将会有有机保温材料不可比拟的优势,同时也将是大量综合利用工业废物粉煤灰的一个有效途径。为了提高粉煤灰的综合利用效率,开发适用于中西部地区的粉煤灰利用技术,研发高附加值的粉煤灰基轻质防火保温材料,本论文以神华电厂的粉煤灰为原料,以地聚合化反应为基础,分别通过物理发泡、铝粉发泡的方法制备了粉煤灰基地质聚合物轻质防火保温材料,探索了不同的制备工艺参数,并对优化后的发泡砖进行了微观特性表征和宏观性能测试。具体内容如下：首先,利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和激光粒度分析仪等手段对神华电厂粉煤灰的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,粉煤灰主要成分是硅铝的氧化物,SiO2+Al2O378%, CaO的含量为8.89%,属于低钙灰,烧失量较低；粉煤灰由很多粒径大小不一的球形玻璃珠体组成,并含有少量珠链体和海绵状玻璃渣；D50=20.70 μm,比表面积大,为1.38 m2/g。这些都表明该粉煤灰具有较高的活性,可用于制备后续的地聚合物材料。在此基础上,初步探索了采用物理发泡法(仅使用发泡剂不使用外加剂、常温常压反应及养护的条件下)制备粉煤灰基地聚合物轻质材料的可行性。实验结果表明,制备的最优液固比为0.45；搅拌过程中应先制备地聚合物浆体,再添加泡沫。通过调节泡沫的投加量,可以有效调节材料的密度。当泡沫投加量为3.3 L泡沫/1 kg灰时,发泡材料的干密度最小,为287.89 kg/m3。材料平均孔径为0.19mm,孔径较小,分布均一。本论文同时探索了采用铝粉发泡法制备粉煤灰基地聚合物轻质材料的工艺,通过单因素分析的方法,研究了铝粉掺量、液固比、水玻璃模数、搅拌时间和碱激发剂掺水率等因素对于材料性能的影响。实验结果表明：当液固比为0.475、Al粉掺量为2‰、水玻璃模数为1.4M、搅拌时间为10 min和碱激发剂中的掺水率为20%时,制备的轻质发泡材料孔径分布均匀,干密度较小(为610 kg/m3),抗压强度好。最后,为了评价材料的应用价值,对铝粉发泡法制备的粉煤灰基地聚物轻质材料进行了微观特性的表征和宏观性能的分析。通过微观性能表征可知,制备的材料具有地聚合物的胶凝形貌,其内部由于铝粉发泡而产生了孔洞；XRD分析与红外分析共同证实,所制备轻质材料的主体是地聚合物。宏观性能方面,所制备材料具有较好的力学强度,经养护3天、7天和28天后的抗压强度分别达到0.58、0.66和1.17 MPa；该材料还具有良好的耐高温性能,经800℃煅烧2h后仍然保持完好的外观形貌,没有破损或开裂的迹象,并且煅烧后的抗压强度比煅烧前稍有提高,达到了1.29 MPa；制备材料的密度在500～650 kg/m3范围内,其导热系数在0.08～0.11 W/m.K之间,这优于市场常见的发泡水泥材料(其导热系数为0.18 W/m·K)。成本方面,本课题制备的材料生产成本约为132.4～168.6元／立方,较市场上的水泥保温板生产成本(200元以上)更低。综上所述,利用神华电厂的粉煤灰,分别采用物理发泡和铝粉发泡的方法,以地聚合化反应为基础,可以制备粉煤灰基地聚合物轻质防火保温材料。制备的材料不仅具有优异的力学性能,还有良好的保温性能,且生产成本也比市场常见的保温材料更低,在防火保温领域具有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of fly ash and to develop high value - added fly ash - based lightweight fire - insulation material , this paper studied the physical and chemical properties of fly ash base polymer light fireproof thermal insulation material by physical foaming and aluminum powder foaming .
the fly ash is composed of a plurality of spherical glass beads with large particle size and small size , and contains a small amount of pearlite and sponge glass slag ;
The results show that the optimum liquid - solid ratio is 0.45 ;
The results show that when the foam dosage is 3 . 3 L of foam / 1 kg ash , the density of the material can be effectively adjusted . When the foam dosage is 3 . 3 L / 1 kg ash , the density of the foamed material is 287.89 kg / m3 . The average pore size of the material is 0 . 19 mm , the pore size is smaller and the distribution is uniform .
XRD analysis and IR analysis showed that the main body of the prepared light material was the ground polymer . The prepared material had better mechanical strength , and the compressive strength after curing for 3 days , 7 days and 28 days respectively reached 0.58 , 0.66 and 1.17 MPa , respectively .
The material also has good high - temperature resistance , and after calcination at 800 DEG C for 2 hours , the material still keeps good appearance appearance , does not show signs of breakage or cracking , and the compressive strength after calcination is slightly improved than that before calcination , and reaches 1.29 MPa ;
The density of the prepared materials is in the range of 500 - 650 kg / m3 , and the thermal conductivity is between 0.08 and 0.11 W / m.K , which is superior to the common foaming cement material in the market ( the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.18 W / m 路 K ) . In conclusion , using fly ash of Shenghua Power Plant , the production cost of cement insulation board is lower than that in the market ( more than 200 yuan ) . According to the above , using fly ash of Shenghua Power Plant , using the method of physical foaming and aluminum powder foaming respectively , can prepare the light fireproof thermal insulation material of the fly ash base polymer . The prepared material not only has excellent mechanical property , but also has good thermal insulation performance , and the production cost is lower than that of the common thermal insulation material in the market , and has wide application prospect in the field of fire protection and insulation .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU551;X773

【参考文献】