基于全生命周期的严寒地区外窗物理性能优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:33

  本文选题：严寒地区 + 外窗　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：推动我国经济社会持续发展和人民生活水平不断提高是一个重大战略问题。严寒地区因为地域和气候的特殊性,该地区的建筑外围护有特殊的要求。外窗作为建筑外围护的重要组成部分,其相关研究受到了人们的重视。论文在严寒地区外窗满足既有采光和日照性能要求的前提下,以外窗的热工性能、通风性能和防噪声性能及全生命周期模型等方面为主要研究内容,以全生命周期模型对室内环境的作用和影响为研究范畴,通过全生命周期环境影响评价的方法对全生命周期模型进行验证和评价,提出适合严寒地区使用的适配型外窗。论文对严寒地区的气候特征进行了介绍,对严寒地区外窗相关概念进行解析,对全生命周期评价体系理论进行了全面地介绍,分析了严寒地区外窗全生命周期评价体系的影响因素,对这些影响因素的有效性了进行分析。论文分析了严寒地区现有外窗类型对采暖期室内热环境的影响和作用。外窗的隔热性能是严寒地区外窗设计的一个重点,严寒地区的特点就是温度低,如果窗户的隔热性能不好,使得室内外的热能交换率大,这样就无法保证室内的适宜温度。对外窗对室内热环境相关因素进行了分析,得到相应的数据,建立理论模型,得到热对流和热传导的相关依据,为基于全生命周期的外窗物理性能优化提供有效的保障;同时,对外窗结露问题进行了研究和分析,提出解决结露问题的有效措施。论文分析了严寒地区现有外窗类型对采暖期室内风环境的影响和作用。由于严寒地区冬季风速快,持续作用在外窗上的应力大,对外窗的使用影响很大;由于冬季采暖期,外窗处于长期封闭的状态,严重影响了室内空气品质,人长期生活在这种环境必定影响其身心健康。通过风压值计算,得到哈尔滨地区的风压级,在测得风速的基础上通过有限元分析对现有外窗抗风压性能进行研究,得到不同材料、不同形式外窗抗风压性能的数据,通过不同类型外窗的对室内风环境的影响,得出理论模型,为后续的物理性能优化提供参考。论文分析了严寒地区现有外窗类型对采暖期室内声环境的影响和作用。通过统计能量分析得到影响外窗隔声性能的相关因素,得出玻璃部分的平均响应速度大于其它结构的平均速度响应,向外辐射的噪声最大;玻璃部分表面振动最大,向外辐射的能量最多。在此研究基础之上,提出改善外窗隔声性能的可行性解决方案,建立统计能量分析的理论研究框架,为后面的研究工作提供有效的保证。另外,根据严寒地区的具体需要,通过用户的需求调查,结合之前的研究,论文进行了窗式通风器的研究与设计。窗式通风器对改善室内空气品质、保证采暖期室内环境自然通风、减少室内外空气强对流、提高室内的热舒适性、隔声降噪和防止外窗结露等方面有明显的改良效果。最后,确定严寒地区外窗全生命周期模型的目的和范围,对严寒地区外窗全生命周期评价的影响因素进行分析和分类,确定了严寒地区外窗全生命周期环境影响类型包括:全球变暖、臭氧消耗、环境总的释放量、温室效应的影响、酸化影响以及富营养化影响。对现有外窗的清单进行了分析,评价其对环境的潜在影响,在此基础之上提出了基于通风性能的外窗优化构想、基于热工性能的外窗优化构想、基于室内防噪性能的外窗优化构想、基于全生命周期评价的外窗构想,通过数据的分析最终提出基于全生命周期的建筑外窗物理性能优化设计构想,建立外窗的全生命周期物理性能优化模型,并对该模型进行验证与评价。
[Abstract]:It is a major strategic problem to promote the sustained economic and social development of our country and the continuous improvement of the living standard of the people. In the severe cold area, because of the special nature of the region and climate, the outer enclosure of the area has special requirements. As an important part of the outer enclosure of the building, the outside window has been paid attention to. The paper is in the cold area. Outside windows meet the requirements of both lighting and sunshine performance, the main research contents are thermal performance, ventilation performance, noise proof performance and full life cycle model of outside windows. The effect and influence of full life cycle model on indoor environment are studied, and the whole life cycle environmental impact assessment method is used to complete the whole life. The life cycle model is verified and evaluated, and the suitable outer window suitable for the cold area is put forward. The paper introduces the climate characteristics of the cold region, analyzes the concept of the outer window related to the cold area, introduces the whole life cycle evaluation system theory, and analyzes the whole life cycle evaluation system of the outer window in the cold region. The influence factors and the effectiveness of these factors are analyzed. The influence and effect of the existing exterior window types on the heating environment in the heating period are analyzed in this paper. The insulation performance of the outer window is a key point in the design of the outer window in the cold region. The characteristics of the cold area are low temperature, if the insulation performance of the windows is not good, so that the heat insulation property of the windows is not good. Indoor and outdoor heat exchange rate is large, so it is impossible to ensure the suitable temperature in the room. External windows are analyzed for the related factors of the indoor thermal environment, the corresponding data are obtained, the theoretical model is established, the relevant basis of thermal convection and heat conduction is obtained, and the effective guarantee for the physical performance optimization based on the whole life cycle is provided; at the same time, external In this paper, the influence and effect of the existing external window types on the indoor air environment in the heating period are analyzed. The window is in a long-term closed state, which seriously affects the indoor air quality. People's long-term living in this environment must affect their physical and mental health. Through the calculation of wind pressure, the wind pressure level in Harbin area is obtained. On the basis of the wind velocity measurement, the anti wind pressure performance of the existing windows is studied by the finite element analysis, and different materials and different shapes are obtained. The anti wind pressure performance data of the exterior window, through the influence of different types of exterior windows on the indoor wind environment, get the theoretical model and provide reference for the subsequent physical performance optimization. This paper analyzes the influence and effect of the existing exterior window types on the indoor sound environment in the heating period in the cold region. It is concluded that the average response speed of the glass part is greater than the average velocity response of the other structures, the external radiation is the greatest noise, the glass part surface vibration is maximum and the energy of outward radiation is the most. Based on this research, a feasible solution to improve the sound insulation performance of the outer window is put forward, and the theoretical study of statistical energy analysis is established. The framework provides effective guarantee for the following research work. In addition, according to the specific needs of the severe cold region, the research and design of the window type ventilator are carried out through the needs of the users and the previous research. The window type ventilator can improve the indoor air quality, ensure the natural ventilation of the indoor environment in the heating period, and reduce the indoor and outdoor air. Strong convection, improving indoor thermal comfort, sound insulation and noise reduction, and preventing external window dewing have obvious improvement effects. Finally, the purpose and scope of the full life cycle model of the outer window in cold area is determined, the factors affecting the full life cycle evaluation of the outer window in the cold region are analyzed and classified, and the whole life cycle of the outer window is determined in the cold region. Environmental impact types include global warming, ozone depletion, total environmental release, greenhouse effect, acidification, and eutrophication effects. The existing window list is analyzed to evaluate its potential impact on the environment. On this basis, an exterior window optimization concept based on ventilation performance is proposed, based on the thermal performance. The window optimization concept, the exterior window optimization concept based on indoor noise prevention performance, the exterior window conception based on the full life cycle evaluation, finally proposed the design conception of the physical performance of the exterior window based on the whole life cycle through the analysis of the whole life cycle, and established the full life cycle physical performance optimization model of the outer window, and verified and evaluated the model.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.4
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本文编号：1908136